In the wake of the First and Second Epirote Wars, both Carthage and Rome were forced onto their backfoot by a resurgent Greek state. Pyrrhus the Great had secured most of Greece and Macedon, and from those bases expanded west. His heirs established themselves as the dominant power in Magna Graecia, ending dreams of a United Italia. However Hannibal’s family would be most effected by the near total Epirote domination of Sicily, which humiliated his father and led to an oath to oppose Epirus at all times.
Following his father’s quest for more sources of wealth to continue the fight the Carthaginian Senate was unwilling to provide, Hannibal proved his mettle in Spain. There, he got off on the wrong foot with the Romans when he seized their ally Saguntum. However broader geopolitics brought the Western Oligarchs together against the Eastern Kings.
Hannibal initially landed in Sicily, aiming to avenge his father there. But he soon heard of the disasters that had befallen the Romans on the mainland. Knowing he could not win alone, Hannibal famously crossed the sea, and rapidly marched North, lifting the siege of Neapolis along the way. At Teanum, he found a Roman Army on the verge of collapse after the death of their generals, but plunged into the Epirote rear, saving the Romans.
This was followed by his tactical masterpiece. The Epirote Army tailed at Rome turned and faced him at Gabii, where he lured them into a double envelopment, and utterly destroyed. A Patrician was said to have been killed by the people when he attempted to explain that the Grass Crown should not have been awarded to a foreigner. Politically savvy, Hannibal would quickly turn South and break Magna Graecia before some of his less astute advisors could start a political crisis by asking for a triumph.
Hannibal would end the war campaigning along with a Roman expedition in Sicily, where he further endeared himself, and avenged his father. However his entreaties to Carthage to launch an invasion of Epirus proper were rebuffed, and a serious leg wound ended his fighting career just as he expelled the last of the Greeks from Syracuse.
Hannibal would serve as Suffet of Carthage, pursuing a policy of martial strength for the traditionally commercial city. This was a tricky balance, as it involved supporting Roman efforts against Epirus. While also limiting their influence in Sicily and preserving Carthage’s dominance at sea. Eventually Hannibal was defeated politically and retired to his family estates in Iberia, which would remain a base of power for his family for years to come.
A hero in Carthage, Hannibal also was a rare foreigner who inspired true awe in the Roman people, no doubt helped by his deliverance of Rome from possible destruction. His name is a rare Semitic one in the lexicon of Latin names.