There's an interesting history about the 1958 Conclave.
Apparently, there was an appearance of white smoke from the Sistine chimney on October 26th. However, officials said that it was an accident and that no pope had actually been elected. Two days later, Roncalli was elected pope.
That being said, it is plausible that Siri was elected pope and refused his election. If he did accept his election, then here's whatI think would have occured:
No Vatican Council II maybe a Vatican Council I part 2. No Ecumenism by Dialogue, yes to Ecumenism by returning (Uniatism).
Yes.
If there would ever be a council, it would at least condemn communism. I can see the Index still experiencing the same fate in OTL. The Oath Against Modernism is never removed, probably.
Nouvelle théologie is viewed upon with intense suspicion, if not outright as a heresy. The Good Friday Prayer would not have changed.
The relationship between the contemporary world and the Church would be more polarized and hidden, internal dissent within the Church would eventually implode. Sadly, I see the formation of schisms in North America and Europe, while Asia, Africa, and Latin America are still loyal.
I am going to post a poll for possible successors to a Siri Papacy so please feel free to tell me who you think would follow Papa Siri in 1989
You can try, but it will be even more difficult to predict a reasonable successor to Papa Siri. A 30+ year reign will have a College of Cardinals that varies greatly than OTL. Almost every cardinal from the 1958 Conclave would be dead in 1989.
Instead, I would rather make a list of who would be cardinals in this timeline, compared to those who didn't. Assuming that Siri doesn't change the rules, the maximum number of cardinals during his lifetime would not exceed 70 and there would be no age limit for the cardinals who vote. I'd also include some alternate bishops/priests, too.
For example:
- I can see Traditionalist bishops such as Lefebvre, de Castro Mayer, and Thục becoming cardinals.
- Sedevacantism never exists and those priests who became Sedevacantists merely continue to be part of the official Church. Maybe some of them actually become legitimate bishops in the United States.
- Perhaps Malachi Martin continues to be a priest?