Facsist/authoritarian Austria Hungary after winning WW1?

In most discussions of Austria Hungary after a central powers victory we come to the same conclusions, that there would have been a civil war between the constituent parts of the empire with either it collapsing and the German parts being annexed to the German empire or with it surviving and being a democratic country, but surely there are more unique than that.

Lets say if the central powers had won WW1 in a late victory due to no American intervention as is the classic scenario, with Germany gaining Poland and the rest of the Bresti Litovsk states and Austria just getting borderlands and reperations from Italy and a puppet in Serbia, Austria would have been left in a similar position to Italy, having fought a long war with hundereds of thousands dead but without having actually gained much territory in return.

Perhaps this could have lead to similar results as it did in Italy, with a facsist movement blaming German and internal traitors like nationalist rebels and liberals/socialists and possibly jews as antisemitism was high in post war Hungary and Austria for them not gaining all the territory that they felt they deserved for all their dead. Generals would also look to blame others for the failiures in the war, leading to an alt stab in the back myth for this movement. The likelyhood of this movement of this kind of movement gaining popularity is also increased by the presence of nationalist rebels and by the rise of the soviet Union, which was the main thing to spread right wing nationalist authoritarian governments in the OTL interwar period. There would also be the ruin that the war bought to the economy that would lead to the rise of far leftist movements at home which would lead to an inevitable response from the right like what happened in Italy and although winning its agreed here that Austria would have been in very bad shape, the coming great depression would also be a great oppurtunity for this kind of movement to rise. We also saw right authoritarian facsistish movements take over in Austria and Hungary OTL, of course this was largely due to the loss in the war but in this scenario they would still do very poorly in the war and would have most of the other factors in place.

Though there would be some differences with Italy that make it less likely, like the fact that they were not promised as much as Italy was promised and so they wouldn't feel lied to or betrayed by Germany and because of the lesser territorial aspirations of the Habsburgs. Although there were some plans for expansion after the war, such as gaining a puppet state in Poland and Ukraine, which due to their bad performance wouldn't happen. So there would be room for disapointment, the movement could also compain about more land from Italy not being taken and the old Austrian rule in Venice not coming back, we know this would have been a stupid idea but far right nationalists movements were rarely contrained by reality or logic and so not taking this back may be seen as another sign of weakness and betrayal.

Austria also would have the problem of having disporate ethnicities making a facsist movement hard to come about, so perhaps this movement could be a pro Habsburg movement that focuses on opposing all sepratists, with its members mainly being veterans from all the countries of the empire, united by their shared service, who are angry by what they percieve as seeing the empire that they fought hard for being tarnished by seperatists at home and a weak government that couldn't make their sacrifice worth it. Other supporters would be business owners who fear socialism, traditionally conservative rural people fearing socialism and left wing social movements, veterans, the upper classes, some catholics and church officials who feared socialism like in Italy, generals and Austrian nationalists. The main targets of this movement would be socialists, social democrats and seperatists as mentioned before but also ethnicities that are percieved as being hostile to the nation, like Serbs, Italians, Romanians and possibly Jews who could have been blamed for the economic problems like in Germany. There could also have been some inspiration from corporatism which gained popularity in the interwar period as an aleternative to capitalism and communism.

So with the economic decline, nationalist frustrations and rise of socialism and anti state movements, Austria Hungary was in a pretty ideal scenario for a rise in the radical right. Do you think this is a possible scenario?
 
I think a form of clerical fascism is the best chance. Catholics did make up over 3/4th of the empire, so that is comfortable enough of a majority to allow them to get power. Perhaps the social and economic issues are blamed on secularism, and a political group rises that states that only by returning to the Pope and theocratic rule can Austria regain its glory.
 
I think a form of clerical fascism is the best chance. Catholics did make up over 3/4th of the empire, so that is comfortable enough of a majority to allow them to get power. Perhaps the social and economic issues are blamed on secularism, and a political group rises that states that only by returning to the Pope and theocratic rule can Austria regain its glory.
The Catholic Social movement in 1900s Austria-Hungary, particularly the Vienna branch under Carl Lueger, presaged a lot of fascist movements of the 20th century. They were radically Anti-Slavic and Anti-Semitic whilst also investing in public works and making appeals to “social justice.” Lueger’s followers called him the Führer. I think you could easily have this movement, playing on fears that the German ruling class are being “swamped” by Eastern Jews and Slavs, seizing power and declaring a clerical fascist state.
 
The easiest way to get this is, ironically enough, Franz Ferdinand surviving. He was a proponent of dictatorship from the centre (after flirting with federalism, trialism and other reform ideas) - a sort-of reset to defaults where the Hungarians are crushed and he could proceed to reform the Empire right. Franz Ferdinand was famously anti-Hungarian, going so far as to start a row in the Imperial and Royal Navy (that Franz Joseph I had to end by decree) over the naming conventions of Austria-Hungary's dreadnoughts, because he didn't want any Hungarian rulers and leaders used as names (IIRC, one of the dreadnoughts was supposed to be named Korvinus, Franz Ferdinand wanted it to be named Don Juan d'Austria). Franz Ferdinad was also rather fond of the idea of smoothing relations with Russia and even expressed some admiration for the Autocracy in Russia.

Having Franz Ferdinand be the central figure also handles the issue of nationality in that the Habsburgs were really the only thing keeping the Empire together. I imagine it would very much work under the rallying cry of Catholicism, Autocracy, the Habsburgs. Backed by proto-fascists initially and then actual fascists.

Of course, keeping the war close to OTL with Franz Ferdinand's survival is somewhat complicated, but having him simply be greivously injured in Sarajevo and the July Crisis unraveling while Franz Ferdinand is incapacitated/recovering from a gunshot would be enough to see the war start. The people looking for an excuse to fight Serbia probably wouldn't even ask Franz Ferdinand, as he was of the opinion that Austria very much didn't need nor could it fight a war.
 
I think a form of clerical fascism is the best chance. Catholics did make up over 3/4th of the empire, so that is comfortable enough of a majority to allow them to get power. Perhaps the social and economic issues are blamed on secularism, and a political group rises that states that only by returning to the Pope and theocratic rule can Austria regain its glory.
They probably wouldn't go that far but I can see a movement as religious as say the iron gaurd in romania.
The Catholic Social movement in 1900s Austria-Hungary, particularly the Vienna branch under Carl Lueger, presaged a lot of fascist movements of the 20th century. They were radically Anti-Slavic and Anti-Semitic whilst also investing in public works and making appeals to “social justice.” Lueger’s followers called him the Führer. I think you could easily have this movement, playing on fears that the German ruling class are being “swamped” by Eastern Jews and Slavs, seizing power and declaring a clerical fascist state.
Perhaps an alliance of them with far right Hungarians? Or they would have problems with causing rebellions so maybe if they moderated they could take power, maybe after taking power they say Croatians are not true slavs like the Nazis said or they said only Orthodox slavs and Jews are the problem.
 
If this world happens, I assume good old Admiral Horthy stays in the NAVY? Sadly we probably wouldn't see His Majesty Emperor Karl, in the lives of the saints.
 
Perhaps an alliance of them with far right Hungarians? Or they would have problems with causing rebellions so maybe if they moderated they could take power, maybe after taking power they say Croatians are not true slavs like the Nazis said or they said only Orthodox slavs and Jews are the problem.
They and the extreme conservative Hungarians make natural allies. Lueger had a somewhat conciliatory attitude towards Slavs that were “loyal to the Empire” so I can see him pulling something like this. Not to mention the Croat’s Catholicism giving them cultural links with the Austrians.
Apropos of nothing I love Central Powers victory scenarios where Austria-Hungary goes fascist and “pulls an Italy” by siding with the Entente in a Second Great War.
 
Extreme clerical Catholicism would be the most effective ideology to drive a fascist A-H as it was the most common feature of the peoples and history of A-H.

The vast majority of Germans were Catholic, a majority of Hungarians were and most Slavs were, with Catholicism being a defining feature of Croat identity.
 
I mean we saw what a Austrian Fascist thought of the AH regime, and Hitler hated it and in effect defected to Germany.

Fascists are typically the ruling ethnicity, so you won't really get it from the peripheral ethnicities. The German side is too close linked with the Habsburg dynasty and so a lot know that their political success as part of a large state involves not sawing away at planks they are sitting on. The Germans who reject that, are just going to look north to Germany and think of union with them.

The more likely outcome is a evolution of Hungary being barely apart of the overall state, and becoming a full on regime. It already had a narrowed franchise and fairly overt discrimination pre war. So they continue on that track. While Austria muddles along with the two sections still bound but becoming further apart.
 
Seems quite possible. I'd even say this is one of the more likely outcomes, other than immediate break-up, for Austria-Hungary after the war, if the war lasts until late 1917 at least.

Let's say A-H's outer regions and occupation zones break out in local revolts, peasant uprisings and mutinies (as they started to in OTL).

Let's say the ruling classes panic, haunted by the specter of an outright revolution, and call in the still reliable parts of the army to suppress the disorders at home with occupation-zone tactics. But you can't eliminate that sort of thing with just one wave of brutal repression - keeping the lid on such an atmosphere requires a continuous presence of repressive military and paramilitary forces; as well as a new style of governing that would combine old authoritarian practices and ideas with new ones.

We can imagine a coalition of the greater-Austrian militarists in the officer corps, the Austrian "civic" far-right under the likes of Lueger, and Hungarian nationalists of a slightly newer type - something like the "Szeged fascists" of OTL. One idea that could also be copied from OTL's interwar Hungary is enacting a very limited land reform: not to redistribute land to the actual peasants, but to grant estates to war veterans, especially those who distinguished themselves in the war, and thus create a new class of politically active veterans that might see themselves as beneficiaries of the state and its defenders from separatist, social movements...(...Jews, Freemasons...).

Karl would probably be at the nominal head, legitimizing the new order in an effort to stop the empire from breaking apart, while trying to rein in its worst excesses. And probably only half succeeding since he's just not very bright.

The biggest hurdle is how to get the Austrian and Hungarian power centers to work together. Historically, fear of social revolution can bring together some really strange bedfellows, but a temporary alliance is one thing and keeping them working together for long is much different.
 
I really don't see it happening as a probable scenario, although anything really possible. The empire was moving inexorably towards more and more devolution and democracy at the local levels in the austrian half, and what remained of centralized power was almost solely focused around the Hasburg monarchy and the continuing loyalty to it. The Hungarian section was not progressing around those lines, and remained in a nigh feudal state of political organization. So I can certaintly see a dictatorship arising in Hungary, but making it for the entire empire is much harder
 
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I could see an aggressively anti Slav movement developing, wherein both the Hungarians and the Austrians working together to keep the Slavic elements in both of their halves of the empire down. The Czechoslovak Legion (should it form ITTlL) could be used as ‘proof’ of Czech and Slovak subversion of the empire. However this runs into the issue that a good portion of A-Hs Empire’s industry was in Czechia.

On the other hand, as others have said, Clerical Fascism in the style of the Iron Guard could be a better choice for a country 3/4s catholic. Perhaps their whole deal is ‘unity under the Catholic Faith’, with Muslims and Orthodox people being seen as dangerous and subversive elements that need to be opposed at all costs. After all, the whole World War was started by a Bosnian Serb shooting an Austrian.

Just as another couple of ideas, perhaps the paramilitary side of the organization could be called the Gold shirts, after the color of the Austrian flag and the colors association with Catholicism.
 
Honestly a fascist Austria Empire (I think any fascist movement would destroy alternative power centers, so I can’t see the empire surviing as a dual monarchy in anything but name) is a pretty interesting idea.

I think that the three legs of Fascist Greater Austria would have to Church, Crown, and Army. It was really the three defining elements of AH. The main enemies of the new regime will be liberals, socialists, and nationalists. The liberal are easy dealt with, they’re the most influential but least powerful group, nationalist will be attempted to be assimilated into Catholic identity among the Catholics Germans, Slovene, Slovaks and Croats are likely the easiest to deal with, Hungarians are a little harder, but I expect they too could accept the new status quo, Czechs and Poles are likely the hardest to deal with. Outside the Roman Catholics I expect Jews, Bosnian Muslims, and Ruthenians to the least troublesome and Serbs and Romanians to be most troublesome. Romani will likely be the worst off group with the rise of fascism. As for Socialist, the state pretty much have to establish some kind of Christian Syndicalism as a counter to socialism.

I expect the army to increase in importance, both as way to keep the population in control, but also a way to indoctrinate the population in an Austrian identity. As population’s German skill improve with the rise of mass media like radio and cinema, I expect we will see increase use of mixed regiments as a way to enforce imperial loyalty over “regional“ loyalties.
 
I could see an aggressively anti Slav movement developing, wherein both the Hungarians and the Austrians working together to keep the Slavic elements in both of their halves of the empire down. The Czechoslovak Legion (should it form ITTlL) could be used as ‘proof’ of Czech and Slovak subversion of the empire. However this runs into the issue that a good portion of A-Hs Empire’s industry was in Czechia.

On the other hand, as others have said, Clerical Fascism in the style of the Iron Guard could be a better choice for a country 3/4s catholic. Perhaps their whole deal is ‘unity under the Catholic Faith’, with Muslims and Orthodox people being seen as dangerous and subversive elements that need to be opposed at all costs. After all, the whole World War was started by a Bosnian Serb shooting an Austrian.

Just as another couple of ideas, perhaps the paramilitary side of the organization could be called the Gold shirts, after the color of the Austrian flag and the colors association with Catholicism.
There was in the beginning of the 20th century no Muslim resistance to Habsburg rule in the Balkans. The Muslims in Bosnia were loyal and considered Serbia as a threat. Croatian fascism later, the Ustasa movement, was very Catholic but considered Bosnian Muslims as allies against Ortodox Serbia. Also the Ottoman empire was on AH side. So no reason for clerical fascism in a scenario like this to turn anti-Muslim.
 
I could see an aggressively anti Slav movement developing, wherein both the Hungarians and the Austrians working together to keep the Slavic elements in both of their halves of the empire down. The Czechoslovak Legion (should it form ITTlL) could be used as ‘proof’ of Czech and Slovak subversion of the empire. However this runs into the issue that a good portion of A-Hs Empire’s industry was in Czechia.

On the other hand, as others have said, Clerical Fascism in the style of the Iron Guard could be a better choice for a country 3/4s catholic. Perhaps their whole deal is ‘unity under the Catholic Faith’, with Muslims and Orthodox people being seen as dangerous and subversive elements that need to be opposed at all costs. After all, the whole World War was started by a Bosnian Serb shooting an Austrian.

Just as another couple of ideas, perhaps the paramilitary side of the organization could be called the Gold shirts, after the color of the Austrian flag and the colors association with Catholicism.
Yellow shirts is smart. But I think they wouldn't have a big problem with Bosniak Muslims since they were very pro Habsburg and could be an ally against the Serbs, more likely they attack the Italians instead despite them being catholic
 
I can absolutely see the possibility for an etatist fascism focused on loyalty to the Empire rather than a specific allegiance to any one nationality. A corporatist concept of Austrohungarian society more similar to OTL’s Austrofascism than the German volksgemeinschaft/racial community. I think the analysis of @Halagaz is exactly right, you could probably get this through a combination of traditional elites frightened by the prospects of social revolution combined with emerging mass movements in different imperial constituents profoundly embittered by the war and its aftermath. It would be interesting to see how the experience of the war could actually *bring together* veterans of disparate nationalities into some idealized community of frontsoldaten which could provide an area of focus for the rhetoric of this fascist movement. I don’t know a whole lot about the ethnic politics of the Austrohungarian Army during the war, but since this dynamic was key to the emergence of fascism in inter-war Europe, I wonder if it could be replicated in a surviving A-H despite national differences.
 
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I could see an aggressively anti Slav movement developing, wherein both the Hungarians and the Austrians working together to keep the Slavic elements in both of their halves of the empire down. The Czechoslovak Legion (should it form ITTlL) could be used as ‘proof’ of Czech and Slovak subversion of the empire.

The Czechoslovak Legion was about 100,000 strong. Czech participation alone (not including Slovaks) in the A-H forces in WW1 was 1 million. Tho' a fair proportion of the CS Legion were defectors from that 1 million.
 
I really don't see it happening as a probable scenario, although anything really possible. The empire was moving inexorably towards more and more devolution and democracy at the local levels in the austrian half, and what remained of centralized power was almost solely focused around the Hasburg monarchy and the continuing loyalty to it. The Hungarian section was not progressing around those lines, and remained in a nigh feudal state of political organization. So I can certaintly see a dictatorship arising in Hungary, but making it for the entire empire is much harder
Well Germany was moving towards more democracy until it wasn't and so was Spain
 
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