It all started with a mathematician : a very different WW2

Hecatee

Donor
The first world war had ended with the victory of the western Allies and their friends, with the exception of Russia who had fallen into an awful civil war.

The price of victory had been horrendous, and many were saying it may never again happen. Malcontents rose everywhere, with new ideologies to direct their actions.

But beside the anger of the mass their was also a lot of resentment between nations. Two countries in particular felt that they had not received proper compensation for their contribution to the war : Italy and Japan.

The first felt it had not gained enough after the war, the second was angered by racial prejudices, especially in the US, and the limitations imposed on its fleet by the Washington treaty.

In Italy the anger led to the birth of a new political force, the fascists, with Benito Mussolini at their head. In 1922 he succeeded in taking control of the country, instating an increasingly authoritarian regime, with the goal of rebuilding Italy's economy and prestige.

In Japan, right wing movements led by army officers progressively took power, in a process that would see attempts at assassination and coup attempt multiply.

Of course the disastrous economic crisis of 1929 delt savages hits to both countries, further reinforcing nationalistic and right-wing philosophies.

During this period the two nations would share more than common troubles, thanks to the actions of a man, Giovanni Vacca.

Vacca was born in 1872 and had begun his career as a mathematician, being assistant to the famous professor Peano in Turin. He was also interested in philosophy, translating parts of Leibnitz's papers in 1899 and, from 1898 onward, in China.

The man was also a known socialist, elected to the city council of his native Genoa in 1902 while teaching mathematics at the local university.

His passion for the far-eastern culture will lead him to undertake in 1907 a five years long* visit to China, a place where he'll encounter Japanese people who intrigue him, being representative of the first Asian country to ever decisively beat an European power. Having learned Chinese in Europe before leaving, he now learns the Japanese language and decide to cross the sea to discover the land.

Coming back to Italy in 1912, he obtain a position to teach Chinese and Japanese literature at the university of Rome before taking the chair formerly held by his teacher in Firenze.

In the later 1922 Vacca is introduced to Italo Balbo, a young man well introduced in the Firenzian establishment, for he his a war hero and well connected in the Fascist party. Speaking together Vacca will tell Balbo about what he saw in Japan ten years earlier, saying he would have liked to see such an industrious Italy instead of the poor country they both live in...

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POD : Vacca actually spent but 2 years in the Far East, and only in China (mostly in Chengdu). As far as I know he was not really implicated in the fascist regime but held a university position in Rome from 1924 until 1947, which probably means his socialist view dimmed with time.
 

Hecatee

Donor
@Son of Leman Russ : not that much, but a stronger, more efficient and more independent Italy is indeed my goal. I see also more industrial/technological exchanges between Axis powers, but less military cooperation. The elements I've not decided yet are whether or not to give the Axis more petrol (Lybia and Sakhalin) and whether or not to make Italy stay out of the war against France and the Allies to focus on a independent Balkan first strategy...

@Realpolitik : yes, although I won't go into maths with my story :p

@Tom Colton : well maybe not a mathematician totalitarian, but still one helping the fascist regime :)
 

Hecatee

Donor
Italo Balbo had mentioned to Mussolini his conversation with Vacca and it had intrigued the Duce. While he had many more pressing issues to deal with, the italian leader still took the time for a meeting with Vacca.

The professor impressed Mussolini because while he was an intellectual, pure product of academia, he was also an acute mind and someone who deeply cared about the plight of Italy. Vacca frankly admitted his socialist past, but Mussolini had also been a socialist early on. The two men had a long discussion about mathematics, Mussolini mentioning the period he'd spent under the tutelage of the great Vilfredo Pareto. Then they came about the main topic Mussolini wanted to speak about, Japan.

By the end of their conversation Vacca found himself pressed into the diplomatic corp of the Italian kingdom, being nominated special counselor to the minister of foreign affairs for the far east, directly responsible to Mussolini (who still held the minister of foreign affairs beside his role as Duce).

Mussolini did not know much about Japan, but felt that relations with the far away empire could not be cause for any trouble. They could be partners in trade and Italy might well be able to sell them products, bringing in much needed cash.

When Vacca met, for the first time in his new position, with the Japanese ambassador, he was not completely unknown of the man : any westerner interested in the Japanese culture was worth cultivating, especially one who had actually been to the islands. But until then they had never spoken of the needs of the Empire, something that opened new perspectives to both parties.

Trade opportunities would be discussed between the two parties for some time but it is not before 1927 that things would really change in the relations between the two nations.
 
The elements I've not decided yet are whether or not to give the Axis more petrol (Lybia and Sakhalin)

Problem with Lybia oil is that even if many suspected his presence at the time IRC the tech capable of extract it was in the hand of american company and existed only in the 30's plus the land was fully pacified in the early 30's.
 

Hecatee

Donor
Problem with Lybia oil is that even if many suspected his presence at the time IRC the tech capable of extract it was in the hand of american company and existed only in the 30's plus the land was fully pacified in the early 30's.

Yes, I know, yet OTL an italian geologist looking for water did find petrol in 1940 and while the tech was indeed mostly in the hands of anglo-saxon corporations at the time you could, especially this early, have a change... Drilling for water in 1930, finding petrol, asking US private companies some help which they, being in the middle of the 1929 crash's effects, do agree to give. Or ask the Romanian for help.

More difficult is the case of the Sakhalin oil fields in the Japanese held side of the island, I remember the topic being discussed on AH.com years ago...
 

Paul MacQ

Monthly Donor
Problem with Lybia oil is that even if many suspected his presence at the time IRC the tech capable of extract it was in the hand of american company and existed only in the 30's plus the land was fully pacified in the early 30's.

This has been done over a several time and proven to be wrong regards Oil extraction I will try and find the details in an old Dale Cozart thread. US is not the only country that can get deep oil is a Myth. The mention the likes of March 1929, the Daisy Bradford No. 2 at over 2000 ft and it's failing and the likes of H.L. Hunt, and his explorations and explotation in East Texas. Libya has oil in areas traditional not looked at for exploration.

Part of " How advanced the US was in oil exploration is in part relates to 1930s propaganda. For sale of equipment and Oil expertise. "

Nice little read for Texas Oil exploration is
http://www.texasranger.org/E-Books/History_of_the_East_Texas_Oil_Field_(Silvey).pdf

Romania in 1934 Getting oil at 3300 Meters (10827 feet)
1934 - The company’s Creditul Minier oil well number 1, at Chitorani, had reached a depth of 3300 m (1934), taking the second place in the world, being at a distance of 158 meters from General Petroleum Corporation’s oil well from California, oil well with a record depth of 3458 meters. (“The world’s deepest oil wells“, article from Moniteur du Petrole Roumain, nr. 17/1938, page 1085). - See more at: http://furcuta.blogspot.co.nz/2009/10/romanian-petroleum-history.html#sthash.pPclYWvg.dpuf

Sirte basin Oil
The Truly massive Sirte Oil field is at 9000 feet (2743 m) and some history of OTL explotation of it
http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/documents/sarir/images/sanford.pdf

Quoting old Thread https://www.alternatehistory.com/discussion/showthread.php?t=58157&highlight=Libyan+Oil

Oil was actually discovered in Libya by Ardito Desio, an Italian geologist who was very active in the exploration and the mapping of Libya from 1926 to 1940. Pity that it was already 1938, and that the first oil wells were located at the oasis of Marada, and not in the main basin of the Sirtis.
Exploration and drilling in the Sirtis was actually started by AGIP (Italian State Oil Company) in 1932, again upon recommendation of Desio. The perforation were unfortunately unsuccessful, since the Sirtis oil is quite deep: the drilling technology employed by AGIP could not go deep enough.

Interesting charactor http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardito_Desio

So possible and not too ASB for Italy
 
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Hecatee

Donor
In november 1926 Italo Balbo, by now a friend of Vacca, was nominated as state secratary of aviation in Mussolini's governement. With this nomination began what many were to consider the japanese shift of the Italian policy.

The Japanese had been interested by the recent world tour done by hydravion pilot Francesco count De Pinedo, which had seen the pilot land in Tokio in 1925.

Through Vacca they expressed to Italo Balbo their interest for italian plane technology, something which pleased Balbo immensely. He soon agreed to let a team of japanese pilots and engineers come to Italy in order to study the italian productions. The visit was planned for the early 1928.

The team sent by the Empire would consist of twenty young engineers and ten officers of the imperial army and navy, led by a major Hideki Tojo, who had been chosen both for his political affiliations and his previous trip to Europe, back in 1919. Among the engineers, a young man named Jirō Horikoshi, from the Mitsubitshi factory of Nagoya, recently graduated from the Tokyo university, proved to be one of the most curious of the Italian designs.

The welcome Balbo gave to the Japanese delegation was flawless. Beside very confortable accommodations, Balbo made sure the delegates were granted full access to the airplanes, flights above Italy, and even allowed them to look at the designs.

But Balbo did not think of the sole Regia Aeronautica : he also made sure that some new vehicules of the army were on display on the airfields and some of the best ships of the Regia Marina were in port when hydravions were presented, agreing to let the Japanese officers take a look at the material on display.

At the conclusion of the three month tour the Japanese ambassador offered Balbo a similar visit in Japan. It was agreed that such visit would take place in 1930.
 
Tell me that this Axis didn't contain Nazi Germany, so I can cheer for them when they kick ass left and right!

Especially if they kick Nazi Ass
 

Hecatee

Donor
That would be fun, but it's not my current plans... Actually the relations between Germany and Italy will be somewhat stronger once Mr Adolf comes to power, but also more equal. Of course you'll still have some people do the same mistakes as OTL, but still the world will not be the same...
 
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