List of monarchs II

[Julius Caesar]

The Ends of the Earth (Greco-Bactrian Kingdom)

Kings of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom (228 BCE-788 CE)
Kings of the Kingdom of Central Asia (788 CE-954 CE, 1005 CE-1501 CE)
Kings of the Kingdom of Central Asia in exile (954 CE-1005 CE)
Emperors and Autocrators of the Romans (1501 CE-1562 CE)
Kings of Bactria and Kagans of Khwarezm (1562 CE-)

250 BCE-228 BCE: Diodotus I Soter (House of Diodotus) [1]
228 BCE-196 BCE: Diodotus II "the Elder" (House of Diodotus)
196 BCE-174 BCE: Antiokhos I Photismenos (House of Diodotus) [2]
174 BCE-99 BCE: Diodotus III Antiokhos (House of Diodotus)
99 BCE-78 BCE: Agathokles Nikator (House of Diodotus) [3]
78 BCE-55 BCE: Antiokhos II Indos (House of Diodotus) [4]
55 BCE-29 BCE: Agathokles II (House of Diodotus)
29 BCE-11 CE: Soter I Anastasios (House of Diodotus)
11 CE-91 CE: Soter II Nikator (House of Diodotus)
91 CE-94 CE: Demetrios Ilikiomenos (House of Diodotus) [5]
94 CE-146 CE: Diodotus IV Telesphoros (House of Diodotus)
146 CE-166 CE: Demetrios II (House of Diodotus)
166 CE-185 CE: Pantaleon (House of Diodotus) [6]
185 CE-237 CE: Soter III (House of Diodotus)
237 CE-249 CE: Antonios I (House of Antonios) [7]
249 CE-302 CE: Soter IV Antonios (House of Antonios)
302 CE-367 CE: Diodotus V Antonios (House of Antonios)
367 CE-389 CE: Antonios II Megas (House of Antonios)
389 CE-431 CE: Soter V (House of Antonios)
431 CE-464 CE: Antonios III (House of Antonios)
464 CE-501 CE: Sikander I (House of Antonios) [8]
501 CE-517 CE: Plato Telesphoros (House of Antonios)
517 CE-555 CE: Soter VI Eugenios (House of Antonios)
555 CE-567 CE: Sikander II Filasthenos (House of Antonios) [9]
567 CE-637 CE: Sikander III Soter (House of Antonios)
637 CE-639 CE: Sikander IV Philippos (House of Antonios) [10]
639 CE-651 CE: Antonios IV Plousios (House of Antonios) [11]
651 CE-701 CE: Demitrios III Sikander (House of Antonios)
701 CE-736 CE: Diodotus VI Megalos (House of Antonios)
736 CE-788 CE: Diodotus VII Sikander (House of Antonios)
788 CE-855 CE: Diodotus VIII Kataktitis (House of Antonios)[12]
855 CE-877 CE: Plato II (House of Antonios)
877 CE-915 CE: Diodotus IX Constantinos (House of Antonios)
915 CE-954 CE: Antonios V Telos (House of Antonios) [13]
954 CE-1011 CE: Rafhajnara I "the Glourious" (House of Yraniatta-Antonios) [14]
1011 CE-1077 CE: Diodotus X (House of Yraniatta-Antonios)
1077-1084: Ravinder (House of Yraniatta-Antonios) [15]
1084-1111: Alexandros (House of Yraniatta-Antonios) [16]
1111-1138: Rafhajnara II Diodotus (House of Yraniatta-Antonios)
1139-1165: Constantinos I Othomanotomos (House of Yraniatta-Antonios)[17]
1165-1235: Ravinder II Sikander (House of Yraniatta-Antonios)
1236-1270: Constantinos II Hellenes (House of Yraniatta-Antonios)[18]
1270-1304: Rafhajnara III (House of Yraniatta-Antonios)
1304-1357: Diodotus XI Ravinder (House of Yraniatta-Antonios)
1357-1379: Diodotus XII Rafhajnara (House of Yraniatta-Antonios)
1379-1439: Diodotus XIII (House of Yraniatta-Antonios)
1439-1444: Diodotus XIV (House of Yraniatta-Antonios) [19]
1444-1501: Diodotus XV Sikander (House of Yraniatta-Antonios)
1502-1532: Ioannis X Palaiologos (House Palaiologos)[20]
1532-1555: Constantinos III (Houseof Palaiologos)
1555-1562: Diodotus XVI Ioannis (House of Palaiologos)
1562-1592: Istemi/Sikander V (House of Istemid) [21]
1592-1642: Diodotus XVII Istemi (House of Istemid)
1642-1661: Demetrios IV (House of Istemid)
1661-1705: Diodotus XVIII Constantinos (House of Istemid)
1705-1727: Sikander VI (House of Istemid)
1727-1777: Sikander VII Ravinder (House of Istemid)
1777-1814: Diodotus XIX Demetrios (House of Istemid)
1814-1868: Diodotus XX Rafhajnara (House of Istemid) [22]
1868-1879: Demetrios V (House of Istemid)
1879-1919: Diodotus XXI (House of Istemid) [23]
1919-1931: Sikander VIII (House of Istemid)
1932-1965: Antonios VI (House of Istemid)[24]
1965-Present: Diodotus XXII (House of Istemid)

[1] During his reign, he manages to create a fairly centralized state. He also saw and defeated a nasty invasion lead by the Parni, killing their leader Arsaces.
[2] Personally converted to Buddhism at this time. Allowed the continual worship of the many pantheons in the state.
[3] Grandson of incredibly long reigning Diodotus III, who outlived all of his children.
[4] Conquered the many states of the Punjab and a good portion of Rajasthan. The wily lord of the Jats, essentially an upstart from the native peasants of the Sindh would prove to be a thorn in his side.
[5] The only living grandson of Soter II, he was an old man even before his crowning. He'd die with a little more than three years under his belt.
[6] It is during his reign that the first members of the Huyan, a Xiongnu tribe fleeing from the disintegration of the Yan Empire into petty warlord states are contacted. the Huyan lack the manpower to raid the kingdom, but warn of their "Brothers" which will follow them.
[7] In his final years, Soter adopted Antonius, a Roman exile, and named him heir over his numerous decadent and hedonistic children and grandchildren. His appointment as heir was soon warranted as he managed to repel the second wave of the Huyan Invasion. Assassinated by one of Soter's grandchildren, Stefanos.
[8] Under Sikander, "The Great", the Bactrians pushed back all the nomads and established trade with the major north indian Confuco-Hindu states.
[9] Sikander II was known to be extremely sickly, often being put under by things as light as a bad cold. He was still fairly canny, since his frailness meant he put more effort into his education. He did some key reforms, particularly a reorganization of the Poli, the provinces of Bactria to improve efficiency. He also started to reform the legal codes of the Bactrian Kingdom, but died of pneumonia before he could finish that.
[10] The eldest son of Sikander III, he was already 78 years old and sickly when his father finally retired. Immediately appointed his heir, Sikander IV, as Regent before joining his father in retirement two years later.
[11] Antonios IV expanded upon many trade routes during this time. He in particular traded with the nomadic Gokturks. Bactrian works of art and silk flowed through the expanded Silk Road via them and others. Buddhism also caught on with the nomads to a degree.
[12] He managed to conquer Parthia. He then declared the Kingdom of Central Asia.
[13] An uncapable king, he was defeated by a combined attack of Chinese Empire and Abbasid Caliphate from each side of the kingdom. Following the taking of the capital after a one year siege, he was beheaded and his kingdom divided between the two attacking empires.
[14] But the eastern empire, a descendant of the Sultans of Delhi, Rafhajnara "the Glorious" married a niece of Diodotus IX. Thus the dynasty of Yraniatta Antonios-emerged in exile in Kaapuliios (OTL Kabul). In 987 expelled the Chinese and the Arabs expelled in 1005 and resumed the Central Asian Kingdom.
[15] By the time Ravinder took over the throne, most of the Greek elements of the Kingdom have been gone except for the Cult of Teos (Zeus), which is increasingly challenging the role of Buddhism in the Kingdom.
[16] When Delhi attacked, to unite the diverse tribes, King Rajiv changed her regnal name to Alexandros and focused on the "Hellenic" treats of their subjects(most of them vanishing and semi-legendary). He secured the kingdom and get some territorial gains from Persia(after the fall of Abbasid Caliphate) and China(thanks to ongoing mongol invasions). Died of Plague while on military duties.
[17] Although lost some northern territory, he was able to stop the Turkic invasions, so that his name (Ottoman killer). During his reign, Hellenic culture began to be rediscovered via Persian Scholars.
[18] It was about to be an uneventful and peaceful reign until he noticed that in Kampoulios(OTL Kabul) were two European merchants named Maffeo and Niccolò Polo. They immediately were led to palace and stayed there several months, amazed how Hellenic culture was still alive in a so far away land. When they returned to Europe in 1269, a great interest appeared on "Indian Greece".
[19] The Suomi tribes of the north, Kurdish Kingdom to the west, and Ukyur nomads to the north-east gradually ate away at Bactria's territory during his predecessor's rule. In 1444, 1200 years of Antonios Rule finally came to an end with the sack of Kampoulios by the Punjabs, leaving only the plains between the Iaxartes, Oxos, and their mountanous headwaters under firm Greek rule.
[20] When Byzantine troops, freed fron Ottomans, arrived to the dim remnants of the once Thriving Greco-Asian Kingdom, they were amazed how some vestiges of their culture remained there. Immediately, the incumbent Emperor (John X) sent even more troops which, with local help, took Kampoulios and restored the "kingdom" as a Byzantine Thema by bethroting John's elder daughter to "king" Ravinder(who took the name Demetrios after the wedding) and naming him strategos of Bactria
[21] Istemi was Turkic chieftain from Central Asia who invaded and conquered Bactria. As Bactrian ruler he took name Sikander in honour of another conqueror of these lands-Alexander the Great. Turkic invaders became new ruling class, but they quickly assimilated into Greco-Bactrian culture. After 30 years of reign Sikander V was succeeded by his oldest son Diodotus XVII.
[22] He made great economic and political reforms in his later reign.
[23] His reign gave way to the Great Bactrian Civil War which lasted from his death in 1919 all the way until 1925.
[24]: A troublesome reign: Started with a civil war and ended with a bitter and long war against Indian Union from the very first moment of its independence (1959). In the interim, he signed a liberal constitution, inspired by Hellenic Kingdom.

Maharanas of Mewar (1597-1655)
Maharana of the Rajputs (1655-)
(Maharana Pratap Singh defeats Akbar)

1572-1597: Pratap Singh (Sisodiya Clan) [1]
1597-1630: Amar Singh I (Sisodiya Clan)[2]
1630-1655: Bhagwati Singh I (Sisodiya Clan) [3]
1655-1708: Amar Singh II (Sisodiya Clan)
1708-1710: Raj Singh I (Sisodiya Clan)
1710-1732: Amar Singh III (Sisodiya Clan)
1732-1740: Jai Singh (Sisodiya Clan)
1740-1749: Jagat Singh I (Sisodiya Clan)
1750-1761: Jai Singh II (Sisodiya Clan)[4]
1761-1773: Ari Singh II (Sisodiya Clan) [5]
1773-1775: Bhim Singh I (Sisodiya Clan)
1775-1797: Amar Singh IV (Sisodiya Clan)
1797-1830: Bhim Singh II (Sisodiya Clan)
1830-1852: Jai Singh III (Sisodiya Clan)
1830-1840: Sardar Singh I (Sisodiya Clan)
1840-1886: Jai Singh IV (Sisodiya Clan)
1886-1894: Ari Singh III (Sisodiya Clan)
1894-1919: Bhim Singh III (Sisodiya Clan)
1919-1929: Bhagwati Singh II (Sisodiya Clan) [6]
1929-1955: Ari Singh IV (Sisodiya Clan)
1955-1975: Bhim Singh IV (Sisodiya Clan)[7]
1975-Present: Jagat Singh II (Sisodiya Clan)[8]

[1] After defeating Akbar, Pratap Singh secured his rule of Mewar and desited to ended Mughal attacks on his land. He told his sons to drive the Mughals out of the land of the Rajputs forever.
[2] He successfully drove the Mughals out of Rajput land despite the insurmountable odds against him. He then set out on a course to conquer all the Rajputs as punishment for their service to Akbar.
[3] He finished the take over of all the Rajput kingdoms two months before his death.
[4] He died in battle against the occupying French troops.
[5] He managed to push out the French troops.
[6] Created a National Assembly, but it held little power.
[7] Deposed by a coup backed by foreign powers(mainly France and United Kingdom) and his own subjects, fed up with his nigh absolute power.
[8] A constitutional monarch put up by the French and British. Although he presides over the National Assembly, his powers are mainly ceremonial.

Pope Tommaso Gizzi
(Cardinal Tommaso Gizzi defeats Cardinal Mastai-Ferretti in Papal Conclave, 1846)

1846-1849: Gregory XVII (Tommaso Pasquale Gizzi - Italy)
1849-1900: Leo XIII (Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci - Italy)
1900-1913: Adrian VII (Jan Puzyna de Kosielsko - Galicia, Austrian Empire) [1]
1913-1915: Sergius V (Serafino Vannutelli - Italy)
1915-1920: Leo XIV (Léon-Adolphe Amette - France)
1920-1924: John XXIII (Juan Soldevilla y Romero - Spain)
1925-1955: Paulus VI (Selim ben Abdel Ahad Arida - Lebanon)
1955-1962: Clement XV (Clemente Micara - Italy)

[1] A contentious conclave was exacerbated by the arrival of the the Cardinal-Bishop of Krakow wielding the threat of a veto from the Austrian Emperor toward any candidate seen as too pro-Russian (an issue before the Church at the time was the movement to switch from Polish to Russian in Church dealings within Congress Poland). Ultimately the only agreement which could be received was to elect de Kosielsko himself as Pope.[/QUOTE]

 

[HappyCommie]

Pope Tommaso Gizzi
(Cardinal Tommaso Gizzi defeats Cardinal Mastai-Ferretti in Papal Conclave, 1846)

1846-1849: Gregory XVII (Tommaso Pasquale Gizzi - Italy)
1849-1900: Leo XIII (Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci - Italy)
1900-1913: Adrian VII (Jan Puzyna de Kosielsko - Galicia, Austrian Empire) [1]
1913-1915: Sergius V (Serafino Vannutelli - Italy)
1915-1920: Leo XIV (Léon-Adolphe Amette - France)
1920-1924: John XXIII (Juan Soldevilla y Romero - Spain)
1925-1955: Paulus VI (Selim ben Abdel Ahad Arida - Lebanon)
1955-1962: Clement XV (Clemente Micara - Italy)
1962-1978: Pius IX (Adolf Hitler - USGA)


[1] A contentious conclave was exacerbated by the arrival of the the Cardinal-Bishop of Krakow wielding the threat of a veto from the Austrian Emperor toward any candidate seen as too pro-Russian (an issue before the Church at the time was the movement to switch from Polish to Russian in Church dealings within Congress Poland). Ultimately the only agreement which could be received was to elect de Kosielsko himself as Pope.

OOC: I had to do it

Holy Roman Emperors (1556- )
Reversed heritance of Charles V: Ferdinand is King of Spain and Phillip Holy Roman Emperor)

1556-1598: Phillip I (House of Habsburg)

 

[Julius Caesar]

Pope Tommaso Gizzi
(Cardinal Tommaso Gizzi defeats Cardinal Mastai-Ferretti in Papal Conclave, 1846)

1846-1849: Gregory XVII (Tommaso Pasquale Gizzi - Italy)
1849-1900: Leo XIII (Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci - Italy)
1900-1913: Adrian VII (Jan Puzyna de Kosielsko - Galicia, Austrian Empire) [1]
1913-1915: Sergius V (Serafino Vannutelli - Italy)
1915-1920: Leo XIV (Léon-Adolphe Amette - France)
1920-1924: John XXIII (Juan Soldevilla y Romero - Spain)
1925-1955: Paulus VI (Selim ben Abdel Ahad Arida - Lebanon)
1955-1962: Clement XV (Clemente Micara - Italy)
1962-1978: Pius IX (Adolf Hitler - USGA)

1978-1979: John Paul I (Albino Luciani - Italy) [2]

[1] A contentious conclave was exacerbated by the arrival of the the Cardinal-Bishop of Krakow wielding the threat of a veto from the Austrian Emperor toward any candidate seen as too pro-Russian (an issue before the Church at the time was the movement to switch from Polish to Russian in Church dealings within Congress Poland). Ultimately the only agreement which could be received was to elect de Kosielsko himself as Pope.
[2] Dead after 3 months.

OOC: I had to do it

Holy Roman Emperors (1556- )
Reversed heritance of Charles V: Ferdinand is King of Spain and Phillip Holy Roman Emperor)

1556-1598: Phillip I (House of Habsburg)[/QUOTE]

 

[HappyCommie]

Pope Tommaso Gizzi
(Cardinal Tommaso Gizzi defeats Cardinal Mastai-Ferretti in Papal Conclave, 1846)

1846-1849: Gregory XVII (Tommaso Pasquale Gizzi - Italy)
1849-1900: Leo XIII (Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci - Italy)
1900-1913: Adrian VII (Jan Puzyna de Kosielsko - Galicia, Austrian Empire) [1]
1913-1915: Sergius V (Serafino Vannutelli - Italy)
1915-1920: Leo XIV (Léon-Adolphe Amette - France)
1920-1924: John XXIII (Juan Soldevilla y Romero - Spain)
1925-1955: Paulus VI (Selim ben Abdel Ahad Arida - Lebanon)
1955-1962: Clement XV (Clemente Micara - Italy)
1962-1978: Pius IX (Adolf Hitler - USGA)
1978-1979: John Paul I (Albino Luciani - Italy) [2]
1979-2006: John Paul II (Augusto José Pinochet Ugarte - Chile)

[1] A contentious conclave was exacerbated by the arrival of the the Cardinal-Bishop of Krakow wielding the threat of a veto from the Austrian Emperor toward any candidate seen as too pro-Russian (an issue before the Church at the time was the movement to switch from Polish to Russian in Church dealings within Congress Poland). Ultimately the only agreement which could be received was to elect de Kosielsko himself as Pope.
[2] Dead after 3 months.

OOC: Oops! I did it again!

Holy Roman Emperors (1556- )
Reversed heritance of Charles V: Ferdinand is King of Spain and Phillip Holy Roman Emperor)

1556-1598: Phillip I (House of Habsburg)

 

[Julius Caesar]

Pope Tommaso Gizzi
(Cardinal Tommaso Gizzi defeats Cardinal Mastai-Ferretti in Papal Conclave, 1846)

1846-1849: Gregory XVII (Tommaso Pasquale Gizzi - Italy)
1849-1900: Leo XIII (Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci - Italy)
1900-1913: Adrian VII (Jan Puzyna de Kosielsko - Galicia, Austrian Empire) [1]
1913-1915: Sergius V (Serafino Vannutelli - Italy)
1915-1920: Leo XIV (Léon-Adolphe Amette - France)
1920-1924: John XXIII (Juan Soldevilla y Romero - Spain)
1925-1955: Paulus VI (Selim ben Abdel Ahad Arida - Lebanon)
1955-1962: Clement XV (Clemente Micara - Italy)
1962-1978: Pius IX (Adolf Hitler - USGA)
1978-1979: John Paul I (Albino Luciani - Italy) [2]
1979-2006: John Paul II (Augusto José Pinochet Ugarte - Chile)
2006-Present: Pius X (Agostino Cacciavillan - Italy)

[1] A contentious conclave was exacerbated by the arrival of the the Cardinal-Bishop of Krakow wielding the threat of a veto from the Austrian Emperor toward any candidate seen as too pro-Russian (an issue before the Church at the time was the movement to switch from Polish to Russian in Church dealings within Congress Poland). Ultimately the only agreement which could be received was to elect de Kosielsko himself as Pope.
[2] Dead after 3 months.

OOC: Oops! I did it again!

Holy Roman Emperors (1556- )
Reversed heritance of Charles V: Ferdinand is King of Spain and Phillip Holy Roman Emperor)

1556-1598: Phillip I (House of Habsburg)
1598-1618: Philip II (House of Habsburg)

 

[PoorBoy]

Holy Roman Emperors (1556- )
Reversed heritance of Charles V: Ferdinand is King of Spain and Phillip Holy Roman Emperor)

1556-1598: Phillip I (House of Habsburg)
1598-1618: Philip II (House of Habsburg)
1618-1632: Johan (House of Habsburg) [1]

[1] The 7th and last son of Philip II, he was the only child who survived the Austrian Great Pox Outbreak of 1616 due to being in the Low Countries fighting the rebellion there. Moved the court to Antwerp during his reign.

Emperors of France
Napoléon did not invade Russia

1804-1831: Napoléon I

 

[Yorel]

Holy Roman Emperors (1556- )
Reversed heritance of Charles V: Ferdinand is King of Spain and Phillip Holy Roman Emperor)

1556-1598: Phillip I (House of Habsburg)
1598-1618: Philip II (House of Habsburg)
1618-1632: Johan (House of Habsburg) [1]
1632-1660: Charles VI (House of Habsburg)

[1] The 7th and last son of Philip II, he was the only child who survived the Austrian Great Pox Outbreak of 1616 due to being in the Low Countries fighting the rebellion there. Moved the court to Antwerp during his reign.

Emperors of France
Napoléon did not invade Russia

1804-1831: Napoléon I
1831-1880: Napoléon II

 

[ImperialVienna]

Holy Roman Emperors (1556- )
Reversed heritance of Charles V: Ferdinand is King of Spain and Philip Holy Roman Emperor)

1556-1598: Philip I (House of Habsburg)
1598-1618: Philip II (House of Habsburg)
1618-1632: John (House of Habsburg) [1]
1632-1660: Charles VI (House of Habsburg)
1660-1680: Maximilian II (House of Habsburg) [2]

[1] The 7th and last son of Philip II, he was the only child who survived the Austrian Great Pox Outbreak of 1616 due to being in the Low Countries fighting the rebellion there. Moved the court to Antwerp during his reign.
[2] Returned court to Vienna and reorganized the organs of the Empire, primarily resulting in an undermining of the Electors' formal power and centralizing government institutions in the city.

Emperors of France
Napoléon did not invade Russia

1804-1831: Napoléon I (House of Bonaparte)
1831-1880: Napoléon II (House of Bonaparte)
1880-1901: Eugène (House of Bonaparte) [1]

[1] His assassination by German Coalitionist Karl Weber sparked the War of Imperial Dissolution, sometimes called the War of the Final Coalition, whereby French hegemony over continental Europe crumbled and was eventually replaced by an Anglo-Habsburg understanding with Russia as a not-so-silent, silent partner.

 

[Julius Caesar]

Holy Roman Emperors (1556- )
Reversed heritance of Charles V: Ferdinand is King of Spain and Philip Holy Roman Emperor)

1556-1598: Philip I (House of Habsburg)
1598-1618: Philip II (House of Habsburg)
1618-1632: John (House of Habsburg) [1]
1632-1660: Charles VI (House of Habsburg)
1660-1680: Maximilian II (House of Habsburg) [2]

[1] The 7th and last son of Philip II, he was the only child who survived the Austrian Great Pox Outbreak of 1616 due to being in the Low Countries fighting the rebellion there. Moved the court to Antwerp during his reign.
[2] Returned court to Vienna and reorganized the organs of the Empire, primarily resulting in an undermining of the Electors' formal power and centralizing government institutions in the city.

Emperors of France
Napoléon did not invade Russia

1804-1831: Napoléon I (House of Bonaparte)
1831-1880: Napoléon II (House of Bonaparte)
1880-1901: Eugène (House of Bonaparte) [1]
1901-1914: Napoléon III (House of Bonaparte)[2]
[1] His assassination by German Coalitionist Karl Weber sparked the War of Imperial Dissolution, sometimes called the War of the Final Coalition, whereby French hegemony over continental Europe crumbled and was eventually replaced by an Anglo-Habsburg understanding with Russia as a not-so-silent, silent partner.
[2] The ruler of a very fractured France, he managed to restore France to its former glory, seeing the threat, the Habsburgs moved to declare war in 1907. France managed to win in 1914, but the brave emperor was killed in battle 2 weeks before victory.

 

[ImperialVienna]

Holy Roman Emperors (1556- )
Reversed heritance of Charles V: Ferdinand is King of Spain and Philip Holy Roman Emperor)

1556-1598: Philip I (House of Habsburg)
1598-1618: Philip II (House of Habsburg)
1618-1632: John (House of Habsburg) [1]
1632-1660: Charles VI (House of Habsburg)
1660-1680: Maximilian II (House of Habsburg) [2]

[1] The 7th and last son of Philip II, he was the only child who survived the Austrian Great Pox Outbreak of 1616 due to being in the Low Countries fighting the rebellion there. Moved the court to Antwerp during his reign.
[2] Returned court to Vienna and reorganized the organs of the Empire, primarily resulting in an undermining of the Electors' formal power and centralizing government institutions in the city.

Emperors of France
Napoléon did not invade Russia

1804-1831: Napoléon I (House of Bonaparte)
1831-1880: Napoléon II (House of Bonaparte)
1880-1901: Eugène (House of Bonaparte) [1]
1901-1914: Napoléon III (House of Bonaparte)[2]
1914-1956: Lucien (House of Bonaparte) [3]

[1] His assassination by German Coalitionist Karl Weber sparked the War of Imperial Dissolution, sometimes called the War of the Final Coalition, whereby French hegemony over continental Europe crumbled and was eventually replaced by an Anglo-Habsburg understanding with Russia as a not-so-silent, silent partner.
[2] The ruler of a very fractured France, he managed to restore France to its former glory, seeing the threat, the Habsburgs moved to declare war in 1907. France managed to win in 1914, but the brave emperor was killed in battle 2 weeks before victory.
[3] Napoléon III's death in battle caused a power vacuum in Paris which effectively undermined the position of strength from which the French should have been able to negotiate in victory. His young son, Lucien Jules Napoléon was propelled to the throne with a Regency initially under his mother, Princess Rafaela of Porto-Brazil. Almost immediately palace intrigue commenced and negotiations with Vienna and Rome faltered several times because it wasn't clear with whom the Habsburg powers should negotiate. The Princess was disposed as regent by Napoléon III's youngest brother, Charles Napoléon, and his faction, only to be reinstalled two weeks later and then disposed once again six weeks after that in favor of Eugène's wife, the Grand Dowager Empress Adèle d'Avout. Although Empress Adèle would retain the Regency until Lucien's majority in 1921 the shifting of political line under her did not stop. French garrisons were recalled from occupied Germany and Italy leaving the Habsburg powers, with aid from Britain to move back in. Ultimately the the Franco-German War was not formally concluded until 1923, by which time both sides accepted the long standing status quo of a remilitarized France, checked by Imperial Germany and Roman Italy to the east and the British navy on the seas.
Lucien's reign in majority was marked by a stark decline in Imperial power and prerogative within France. At his death, the Emperor of the French had become a figurehead much akin to the King of Great Britain.

 

[The Empire of AltHistory]

Holy Roman Emperors (1556- )
Reversed heritance of Charles V: Ferdinand is King of Spain and Philip Holy Roman Emperor)

1556-1598: Philip I (House of Habsburg)
1598-1618: Philip II (House of Habsburg)
1618-1632: John (House of Habsburg) [1]
1632-1660: Charles VI (House of Habsburg)
1660-1680: Maximilian II (House of Habsburg) [2]
1680-1725: Joseph I (House of Habsburg) [3]

[1] The 7th and last son of Philip II, he was the only child who survived the Austrian Great Pox Outbreak of 1616 due to being in the Low Countries fighting the rebellion there. Moved the court to Antwerp during his reign.
[2] Returned court to Vienna and reorganized the organs of the Empire, primarily resulting in an undermining of the Electors' formal power and centralizing government institutions in the city.
[3] Joseph II was 20 when he succeeded his father to the throne of the Holy Roman Empire, but nevertheless, during his 45-year long reign, became one of the most respected and praised of all Holy Roman Emperors. Known for his common sense and his ability to compromise, Joseph continued his father Maximillian's reforms, undermining the power of the Electors yet further and establishing one of the most elaborate government bureaucracies in the Europe of that time. Joseph was a great patron of the arts, embellishing Vienna, Antwerp, and Prague with many treasures and building museums, galleries, and palaces that were among the most splendid in Europe. The Emperor's reign also witnessed considerable territorial expansion; during his rule, the Austrian Hereditary Dominions waged two successful wars with the Ottoman Empire (1683-99 and 1711-16), which resulted in the acquisition of Ottoman Hungary, Transylvania, Bukovina, Serbia with Belgrade, Northern Olthenia, and parts of Dalmatia. Joseph also involved the Holy Roman Empire in an alliance with Spain, England, and Venice in order to forestall French ambitions in Switzerland and the Low Countries; King Louis's War (1701-14), resulted in Austria acquiring Genoa, Corsica, and Tuscany. Joseph also signed a economic agreement with Russia and assisted that country and Poland in seizing Swedish territory along the Baltic Coast. Joseph, however, never married and had no children.

Emperors of France (1804-1975)
Napoléon did not invade Russia

1804-1831: Napoléon I (House of Bonaparte)
1831-1880: Napoléon II (House of Bonaparte)
1880-1901: Eugène (House of Bonaparte) [1]
1901-1914: Napoléon III (House of Bonaparte)[2]
1914-1956: Lucien (House of Bonaparte) [3]
1956-1975: Jérôme I (House of Bonaparte) [4]

[1] His assassination by German Coalitionist Karl Weber sparked the War of Imperial Dissolution, sometimes called the War of the Final Coalition, whereby French hegemony over continental Europe crumbled and was eventually replaced by an Anglo-Habsburg understanding with Russia as a not-so-silent, silent partner.
[2] The ruler of a very fractured France, he managed to restore France to its former glory, seeing the threat, the Habsburgs moved to declare war in 1907. France managed to win in 1914, but the brave emperor was killed in battle 2 weeks before victory.
[3] Napoléon III's death in battle caused a power vacuum in Paris which effectively undermined the position of strength from which the French should have been able to negotiate in victory. His young son, Lucien Jules Napoléon was propelled to the throne with a Regency initially under his mother, Princess Rafaela of Porto-Brazil. Almost immediately palace intrigue commenced and negotiations with Vienna and Rome faltered several times because it wasn't clear with whom the Habsburg powers should negotiate. The Princess was disposed as regent by Napoléon III's youngest brother, Charles Napoléon, and his faction, only to be reinstalled two weeks later and then disposed once again six weeks after that in favor of Eugène's wife, the Grand Dowager Empress Adèle d'Avout. Although Empress Adèle would retain the Regency until Lucien's majority in 1921 the shifting of political line under her did not stop. French garrisons were recalled from occupied Germany and Italy leaving the Habsburg powers, with aid from Britain to move back in. Ultimately the the Franco-German War was not formally concluded until 1923, by which time both sides accepted the long standing status quo of a remilitarized France, checked by Imperial Germany and Roman Italy to the east and the British navy on the seas.
Lucien's reign in majority was marked by a stark decline in Imperial power and prerogative within France. At his death, the Emperor of the French had become a figurehead much akin to the King of Great Britain.
[4] Jérôme I, son of Lucien, was a weak and unimpressive figure, unable to accomplish anything as a result of being a figurehead as his father had been. Republican agitation increased during his reign, and from 1962, demonstrations throughout the country, from Paris to Nice, occurred demanding for the deposition of the Bonaparte dynasty and the establishment of a Democratic Republic. In 1974, a revolt broke out in Paris, and the Army quickly joined the student protestors. The following year, 15 January 1975, Jérôme abdicated as Emperor of the French, and the Second French Republic was established.

 

[Julius Caesar]

Holy Roman Emperors (1556- )
Reversed heritance of Charles V: Ferdinand is King of Spain and Philip Holy Roman Emperor)

1556-1598: Philip I (House of Habsburg)
1598-1618: Philip II (House of Habsburg)
1618-1632: John (House of Habsburg) [1]
1632-1660: Charles VI (House of Habsburg)
1660-1680: Maximilian II (House of Habsburg) [2]
1680-1725: Joseph I (House of Habsburg) [3]

1725-1750: Philip III (House of Habsburg)

[1] The 7th and last son of Philip II, he was the only child who survived the Austrian Great Pox Outbreak of 1616 due to being in the Low Countries fighting the rebellion there. Moved the court to Antwerp during his reign.
[2] Returned court to Vienna and reorganized the organs of the Empire, primarily resulting in an undermining of the Electors' formal power and centralizing government institutions in the city.
[3] Joseph II was 20 when he succeeded his father to the throne of the Holy Roman Empire, but nevertheless, during his 45-year long reign, became one of the most respected and praised of all Holy Roman Emperors. Known for his common sense and his ability to compromise, Joseph continued his father Maximillian's reforms, undermining the power of the Electors yet further and establishing one of the most elaborate government bureaucracies in the Europe of that time. Joseph was a great patron of the arts, embellishing Vienna, Antwerp, and Prague with many treasures and building museums, galleries, and palaces that were among the most splendid in Europe. The Emperor's reign also witnessed considerable territorial expansion; during his rule, the Austrian Hereditary Dominions waged two successful wars with the Ottoman Empire (1683-99 and 1711-16), which resulted in the acquisition of Ottoman Hungary, Transylvania, Bukovina, Serbia with Belgrade, Northern Olthenia, and parts of Dalmatia. Joseph also involved the Holy Roman Empire in an alliance with Spain, England, and Venice in order to forestall French ambitions in Switzerland and the Low Countries; King Louis's War (1701-14), resulted in Austria acquiring Genoa, Corsica, and Tuscany. Joseph also signed a economic agreement with Russia and assisted that country and Poland in seizing Swedish territory along the Baltic Coast. Joseph, however, never married and had no children.

Emperors of France (1804-1975)
Napoléon did not invade Russia

1804-1831: Napoléon I (House of Bonaparte)
1831-1880: Napoléon II (House of Bonaparte)
1880-1901: Eugène (House of Bonaparte) [1]
1901-1914: Napoléon III (House of Bonaparte)[2]
1914-1956: Lucien (House of Bonaparte) [3]
1956-1975: Jérôme I (House of Bonaparte) [4]
1975-Present: Second French Republic [5]

[1] His assassination by German Coalitionist Karl Weber sparked the War of Imperial Dissolution, sometimes called the War of the Final Coalition, whereby French hegemony over continental Europe crumbled and was eventually replaced by an Anglo-Habsburg understanding with Russia as a not-so-silent, silent partner.
[2] The ruler of a very fractured France, he managed to restore France to its former glory, seeing the threat, the Habsburgs moved to declare war in 1907. France managed to win in 1914, but the brave emperor was killed in battle 2 weeks before victory.
[3] Napoléon III's death in battle caused a power vacuum in Paris which effectively undermined the position of strength from which the French should have been able to negotiate in victory. His young son, Lucien Jules Napoléon was propelled to the throne with a Regency initially under his mother, Princess Rafaela of Porto-Brazil. Almost immediately palace intrigue commenced and negotiations with Vienna and Rome faltered several times because it wasn't clear with whom the Habsburg powers should negotiate. The Princess was disposed as regent by Napoléon III's youngest brother, Charles Napoléon, and his faction, only to be reinstalled two weeks later and then disposed once again six weeks after that in favor of Eugène's wife, the Grand Dowager Empress Adèle d'Avout. Although Empress Adèle would retain the Regency until Lucien's majority in 1921 the shifting of political line under her did not stop. French garrisons were recalled from occupied Germany and Italy leaving the Habsburg powers, with aid from Britain to move back in. Ultimately the the Franco-German War was not formally concluded until 1923, by which time both sides accepted the long standing status quo of a remilitarized France, checked by Imperial Germany and Roman Italy to the east and the British navy on the seas.
Lucien's reign in majority was marked by a stark decline in Imperial power and prerogative within France. At his death, the Emperor of the French had become a figurehead much akin to the King of Great Britain.
[4] Jérôme I, son of Lucien, was a weak and unimpressive figure, unable to accomplish anything as a result of being a figurehead as his father had been. Republican agitation increased during his reign, and from 1962, demonstrations throughout the country, from Paris to Nice, occurred demanding for the deposition of the Bonaparte dynasty and the establishment of a Democratic Republic. In 1974, a revolt broke out in Paris, and the Army quickly joined the student protestors. The following year, 15 January 1975, Jérôme abdicated as Emperor of the French, and the Second French Republic was established.
[5] The Republic continues to prosper today, but Royalist agitation has started up as the economy has begun to decline, but so far a majority of people want to stay away from monarchy.

 

[The Empire of AltHistory]

Holy Roman Emperors (1556- )
Reversed heritance of Charles V: Ferdinand is King of Spain and Philip Holy Roman Emperor)

1556-1598: Philip I (House of Habsburg)
1598-1618: Philip II (House of Habsburg)
1618-1632: John (House of Habsburg) [1]
1632-1660: Charles VI (House of Habsburg)
1660-1680: Maximilian II (House of Habsburg) [2]
1680-1725: Joseph I (House of Habsburg) [3]
1725-1750: Philip III (House of Habsburg)
1750-1796: Frederick IV (House of Habsburg) [4]


[1] The 7th and last son of Philip II, he was the only child who survived the Austrian Great Pox Outbreak of 1616 due to being in the Low Countries fighting the rebellion there. Moved the court to Antwerp during his reign.
[2] Returned court to Vienna and reorganized the organs of the Empire, primarily resulting in an undermining of the Electors' formal power and centralizing government institutions in the city.
[3] Joseph II was 20 when he succeeded his father to the throne of the Holy Roman Empire, but nevertheless, during his 45-year long reign, became one of the most respected and praised of all Holy Roman Emperors. Known for his common sense and his ability to compromise, Joseph continued his father Maximillian's reforms, undermining the power of the Electors yet further and establishing one of the most elaborate government bureaucracies in the Europe of that time. Joseph was a great patron of the arts, embellishing Vienna, Antwerp, and Prague with many treasures and building museums, galleries, and palaces that were among the most splendid in Europe. The Emperor's reign also witnessed considerable territorial expansion; during his rule, the Austrian Hereditary Dominions waged two successful wars with the Ottoman Empire (1683-99 and 1711-16), which resulted in the acquisition of Ottoman Hungary, Transylvania, Bukovina, Serbia with Belgrade, Northern Olthenia, and parts of Dalmatia. Joseph also involved the Holy Roman Empire in an alliance with Spain, England, and Venice in order to forestall French ambitions in Switzerland and the Low Countries; King Louis's War (1701-14), resulted in Austria acquiring Genoa, Corsica, and Tuscany. Joseph also signed a economic agreement with Russia and assisted that country and Poland in seizing Swedish territory along the Baltic Coast. Joseph, however, never married and had no children.
[4] Frederick IV, like his grand-uncle Joseph I, enjoyed a long reign, ruling over the Holy Roman Empire and the Austrian Hereditary Dominions for forty-six years. Frederick was 29 when he became Emperor, and was one of the best-educated princes in Europe. During his father's reign, Austria had acquired Bavaria as a result of the War of the Bavarian Succession, and had also defeated Prussia, which under Frederick II had attempted to seize Silesia. Frederick tried again in the early years of his Austrian namesake's reign, in the Seven Year's War (1756-1763). He failed, however, and in 1763, was forced to acknowledge Austria's rule of Silesia and Bohemia. Frederick IV, determined to forestall any further threats from Prussia, sponsored constitutional reforms in Poland and signed a Treaty of Alliance with Russia in 1764. In 1769-1774, and again in 1787-91, Austria waged further wars with the Ottoman Empire, acquiring Bosnia, Albania, and Montenegro as a result. Austria, along with Russia, also became a protector of the Danubian Principalities, and assumed the right to send Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land. In 1778-79, Frederick successfully repelled an attempt by Hanover and Saxony to expel him from his Bavarian territories; in 1780, he was instrumental in the formation of the League of Armed Neutrality, which prevented Britain from seizing neutral commerce in the midst of the American Revolution. In 1785, Frederick acquired Venice after its last Doge was deposed by a revolt of his own citizens. In 1789, however, the French Revolution broke out. Frederick's last six years were dominated by an effort to defend Austrian possessions in Italy and the Low Countries from the advance of French revolutionary armies. Frederick married twice, but both of his wives suffered miscarriages and died from smallpox.

Emperors of France (1804-1975)
Napoléon did not invade Russia

1804-1831: Napoléon I (House of Bonaparte)
1831-1880: Napoléon II (House of Bonaparte)
1880-1901: Eugène (House of Bonaparte) [1]
1901-1914: Napoléon III (House of Bonaparte)[2]
1914-1956: Lucien (House of Bonaparte) [3]
1956-1975: Jérôme I (House of Bonaparte) [4]
1975-Present: Second French Republic [5]

[1] His assassination by German Coalitionist Karl Weber sparked the War of Imperial Dissolution, sometimes called the War of the Final Coalition, whereby French hegemony over continental Europe crumbled and was eventually replaced by an Anglo-Habsburg understanding with Russia as a not-so-silent, silent partner.
[2] The ruler of a very fractured France, he managed to restore France to its former glory, seeing the threat, the Habsburgs moved to declare war in 1907. France managed to win in 1914, but the brave emperor was killed in battle 2 weeks before victory.
[3] Napoléon III's death in battle caused a power vacuum in Paris which effectively undermined the position of strength from which the French should have been able to negotiate in victory. His young son, Lucien Jules Napoléon was propelled to the throne with a Regency initially under his mother, Princess Rafaela of Porto-Brazil. Almost immediately palace intrigue commenced and negotiations with Vienna and Rome faltered several times because it wasn't clear with whom the Habsburg powers should negotiate. The Princess was disposed as regent by Napoléon III's youngest brother, Charles Napoléon, and his faction, only to be reinstalled two weeks later and then disposed once again six weeks after that in favor of Eugène's wife, the Grand Dowager Empress Adèle d'Avout. Although Empress Adèle would retain the Regency until Lucien's majority in 1921 the shifting of political line under her did not stop. French garrisons were recalled from occupied Germany and Italy leaving the Habsburg powers, with aid from Britain to move back in. Ultimately the the Franco-German War was not formally concluded until 1923, by which time both sides accepted the long standing status quo of a remilitarized France, checked by Imperial Germany and Roman Italy to the east and the British navy on the seas.
Lucien's reign in majority was marked by a stark decline in Imperial power and prerogative within France. At his death, the Emperor of the French had become a figurehead much akin to the King of Great Britain.
[4] Jérôme I, son of Lucien, was a weak and unimpressive figure, unable to accomplish anything as a result of being a figurehead as his father had been. Republican agitation increased during his reign, and from 1962, demonstrations throughout the country, from Paris to Nice, occurred demanding for the deposition of the Bonaparte dynasty and the establishment of a Democratic Republic. In 1974, a revolt broke out in Paris, and the Army quickly joined the student protestors. The following year, 15 January 1975, Jérôme abdicated as Emperor of the French, and the Second French Republic was established.
[5] The Republic continues to prosper today, but Royalist agitation has started up as the economy has begun to decline, but so far a majority of people want to stay away from monarchy.

 

[ImperialVienna]

Holy Roman Emperors (1556- )
Reversed heritance of Charles V: Ferdinand is King of Spain and Philip Holy Roman Emperor)

1556-1598: Philip I (House of Habsburg)
1598-1618: Philip II (House of Habsburg)
1618-1632: John (House of Habsburg) [1]
1632-1660: Charles VI (House of Habsburg)
1660-1680: Maximilian II (House of Habsburg) [2]
1680-1725: Joseph (House of Habsburg) [3]
1725-1750: Philip III (House of Habsburg)
1750-1796: Frederick IV (House of Habsburg) [4]
1796-1833: Maximilian III (House of Habsburg) [5]

[1] The 7th and last son of Philip II, he was the only child who survived the Austrian Great Pox Outbreak of 1616 due to being in the Low Countries fighting the rebellion there. Moved the court to Antwerp during his reign.
[2] Returned court to Vienna and reorganized the organs of the Empire, primarily resulting in an undermining of the Electors' formal power and centralizing government institutions in the city.
[3] Joseph II was 20 when he succeeded his father to the throne of the Holy Roman Empire, but nevertheless, during his 45-year long reign, became one of the most respected and praised of all Holy Roman Emperors. Known for his common sense and his ability to compromise, Joseph continued his father Maximillian's reforms, undermining the power of the Electors yet further and establishing one of the most elaborate government bureaucracies in the Europe of that time. Joseph was a great patron of the arts, embellishing Vienna, Antwerp, and Prague with many treasures and building museums, galleries, and palaces that were among the most splendid in Europe. The Emperor's reign also witnessed considerable territorial expansion; during his rule, the Austrian Hereditary Dominions waged two successful wars with the Ottoman Empire (1683-99 and 1711-16), which resulted in the acquisition of Ottoman Hungary, Transylvania, Bukovina, Serbia with Belgrade, Northern Olthenia, and parts of Dalmatia. Joseph also involved the Holy Roman Empire in an alliance with Spain, England, and Venice in order to forestall French ambitions in Switzerland and the Low Countries; King Louis's War (1701-14), resulted in Austria acquiring Genoa, Corsica, and Tuscany. Joseph also signed a economic agreement with Russia and assisted that country and Poland in seizing Swedish territory along the Baltic Coast. Joseph, however, never married and had no children.
[4] Frederick IV, like his grand-uncle Joseph, enjoyed a long reign, ruling over the Holy Roman Empire and the Austrian Hereditary Dominions for forty-six years. Frederick was 29 when he became Emperor, and was one of the best-educated princes in Europe. During his father's reign, Austria had acquired Bavaria as a result of the War of the Bavarian Succession, and had also defeated Prussia, which under Frederick II had attempted to seize Silesia. Frederick tried again in the early years of his Austrian namesake's reign, in the Seven Year's War (1756-1763). He failed, however, and in 1763, was forced to acknowledge Austria's rule of Silesia and Bohemia. Frederick IV, determined to forestall any further threats from Prussia, sponsored constitutional reforms in Poland and signed a Treaty of Alliance with Russia in 1764. In 1769-1774, and again in 1787-91, Austria waged further wars with the Ottoman Empire, acquiring Bosnia, Albania, and Montenegro as a result. Austria, along with Russia, also became a protector of the Danubian Principalities, and assumed the right to send Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land. In 1778-79, Frederick successfully repelled an attempt by Hanover and Saxony to expel him from his Bavarian territories; in 1780, he was instrumental in the formation of the League of Armed Neutrality, which prevented Britain from seizing neutral commerce in the midst of the American Revolution. In 1785, Frederick acquired Venice after its last Doge was deposed by a revolt of his own citizens. In 1789, however, the French Revolution broke out. Frederick's last six years were dominated by an effort to defend Austrian possessions in Italy and the Low Countries from the advance of French revolutionary armies. Frederick married twice, but both of his wives suffered miscarriages and died from smallpox.
[5] Originally the Imperial Viceroy in Italy, Maximilian III succeeded to the Imperial throne on his cousin's death. Initially his concerns focused on containing French Revolutionary expansion, however the French effectively did that for him themselves when the Revolution turned in upon itself in the Horror. Imperial forces would eventually occupy parts of eastern France including Lorraine and establish the "restored" Burgundian Kingdom. Maximilian III's primary successes however were in bureaucracy, particularly his legislative reforms which decentralized many powers to regional Diets, while maintaining the Imperial one in Vienna. His structuring allowed for local autonomy and innovation while still maintaining the primacy of the Imperial State.

 

[The Empire of AltHistory]

Holy Roman Emperors (1556- )
Reversed inheritance of Charles V: Ferdinand is King of Spain and Philip Holy Roman Emperor)

1556-1598: Philip I (House of Habsburg)
1598-1618: Philip II (House of Habsburg)
1618-1632: John (House of Habsburg) [1]
1632-1660: Charles VI (House of Habsburg)
1660-1680: Maximilian II (House of Habsburg) [2]
1680-1725: Joseph (House of Habsburg) [3]
1725-1750: Philip III (House of Habsburg)
1750-1796: Frederick IV (House of Habsburg) [4]
1796-1833: Maximilian III (House of Habsburg) [5]
1833-1865 Leopold I (House of Habsburg) [6]

[1] The 7th and last son of Philip II, he was the only child who survived the Austrian Great Pox Outbreak of 1616 due to being in the Low Countries fighting the rebellion there. Moved the court to Antwerp during his reign.
[2] Returned court to Vienna and reorganized the organs of the Empire, primarily resulting in an undermining of the Electors' formal power and centralizing government institutions in the city.
[3] Joseph II was 20 when he succeeded his father to the throne of the Holy Roman Empire, but nevertheless, during his 45-year long reign, became one of the most respected and praised of all Holy Roman Emperors. Known for his common sense and his ability to compromise, Joseph continued his father Maximillian's reforms, undermining the power of the Electors yet further and establishing one of the most elaborate government bureaucracies in the Europe of that time. Joseph was a great patron of the arts, embellishing Vienna, Antwerp, and Prague with many treasures and building museums, galleries, and palaces that were among the most splendid in Europe. The Emperor's reign also witnessed considerable territorial expansion; during his rule, the Austrian Hereditary Dominions waged two successful wars with the Ottoman Empire (1683-99 and 1711-16), which resulted in the acquisition of Ottoman Hungary, Transylvania, Bukovina, Serbia with Belgrade, Northern Olthenia, and parts of Dalmatia. Joseph also involved the Holy Roman Empire in an alliance with Spain, England, and Venice in order to forestall French ambitions in Switzerland and the Low Countries; King Louis's War (1701-14), resulted in Austria acquiring Genoa, Corsica, and Tuscany. Joseph also signed a economic agreement with Russia and assisted that country and Poland in seizing Swedish territory along the Baltic Coast. Joseph, however, never married and had no children.
[4] Frederick IV, like his grand-uncle Joseph, enjoyed a long reign, ruling over the Holy Roman Empire and the Austrian Hereditary Dominions for forty-six years. Frederick was 29 when he became Emperor, and was one of the best-educated princes in Europe. During his father's reign, Austria had acquired Bavaria as a result of the War of the Bavarian Succession, and had also defeated Prussia, which under Frederick II had attempted to seize Silesia. Frederick tried again in the early years of his Austrian namesake's reign, in the Seven Year's War (1756-1763). He failed, however, and in 1763, was forced to acknowledge Austria's rule of Silesia and Bohemia. Frederick IV, determined to forestall any further threats from Prussia, sponsored constitutional reforms in Poland and signed a Treaty of Alliance with Russia in 1764. In 1769-1774, and again in 1787-91, Austria waged further wars with the Ottoman Empire, acquiring Bosnia, Albania, and Montenegro as a result. Austria, along with Russia, also became a protector of the Danubian Principalities, and assumed the right to send Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land. In 1778-79, Frederick successfully repelled an attempt by Hanover and Saxony to expel him from his Bavarian territories; in 1780, he was instrumental in the formation of the League of Armed Neutrality, which prevented Britain from seizing neutral commerce in the midst of the American Revolution. In 1785, Frederick acquired Venice after its last Doge was deposed by a revolt of his own citizens. In 1789, however, the French Revolution broke out. Frederick's last six years were dominated by an effort to defend Austrian possessions in Italy and the Low Countries from the advance of French revolutionary armies. Frederick married twice, but both of his wives suffered miscarriages and died from smallpox.
[5] Originally the Imperial Viceroy in Italy, Maximilian III succeeded to the Imperial throne on his cousin's death. Initially his concerns focused on containing French Revolutionary expansion, however the French effectively did that for him themselves when the Revolution turned in upon itself in the Horror. Imperial forces would eventually occupy parts of eastern France including Lorraine and establish the "restored" Burgundian Kingdom. Maximilian III's primary successes however were in bureaucracy, particularly his legislative reforms which decentralized many powers to regional Diets, while maintaining the Imperial one in Vienna. His structuring allowed for local autonomy and innovation while still maintaining the primacy of the Imperial State.
[6] Leopold I was Maximilian III's son and succeeded him upon his death on January 9, 1833. He continued his father's governmental reforms, and in 1836, the Imperial Diet reorganized the Electorates of the Holy Roman Empire. Hanover, Holstein, and Mecklenberg were now elevated to the rank of Electorates; this was meant to counterbalance Prussia's influence within the Empire. In 1839, Leopold negotiated an agreement with Switzerland which resulted in the transfer of the Voralberg and Salzburg regions to the Austrian Hereditary Dominions. Two years later, he intervened in the Papal States, saving Pope Gregory XVI from being deposed by revolutionaries. In 1847, Austria and Russia cooperated in an invasion of Sweden; as a result of the conflict, Sweden was forced to yield Royal Prussia to the Holy Roman Empire and Finland to Russia. Towards the end of Leopold's reign, however, relations with Russia deteriorated, as Tsar Feodor IV attempted to intervene in Poland to seize control of Belorussia and Lithuania. In 1863-64, when Russia went to war with the Ottoman Empire, Leopold ordered for the Danubian Principalities to be occupied by Austrian troops. Leopold married a Princess of Spain and died on April 12, 1865 in Vienna.

 

[PoorBoy]

Holy Roman Emperors (1556- )
Reversed inheritance of Charles V: Ferdinand is King of Spain and Philip Holy Roman Emperor)

1556-1598: Philip I (House of Habsburg)
1598-1618: Philip II (House of Habsburg)
1618-1632: John (House of Habsburg) [1]
1632-1660: Charles VI (House of Habsburg)
1660-1680: Maximilian II (House of Habsburg) [2]
1680-1725: Joseph (House of Habsburg) [3]
1725-1750: Philip III (House of Habsburg)
1750-1796: Frederick IV (House of Habsburg) [4]
1796-1833: Maximilian III (House of Habsburg) [5]
1833-1865: Leopold I (House of Habsburg) [6]
1865-1867: Philip 'the Imbecile' IV (House of Habsburg) [7]

[1] The 7th and last son of Philip II, he was the only child who survived the Austrian Great Pox Outbreak of 1616 due to being in the Low Countries fighting the rebellion there. Moved the court to Antwerp during his reign.
[2] Returned court to Vienna and reorganized the organs of the Empire, primarily resulting in an undermining of the Electors' formal power and centralizing government institutions in the city.
[3] Joseph II was 20 when he succeeded his father to the throne of the Holy Roman Empire, but nevertheless, during his 45-year long reign, became one of the most respected and praised of all Holy Roman Emperors. Known for his common sense and his ability to compromise, Joseph continued his father Maximillian's reforms, undermining the power of the Electors yet further and establishing one of the most elaborate government bureaucracies in the Europe of that time. Joseph was a great patron of the arts, embellishing Vienna, Antwerp, and Prague with many treasures and building museums, galleries, and palaces that were among the most splendid in Europe. The Emperor's reign also witnessed considerable territorial expansion; during his rule, the Austrian Hereditary Dominions waged two successful wars with the Ottoman Empire (1683-99 and 1711-16), which resulted in the acquisition of Ottoman Hungary, Transylvania, Bukovina, Serbia with Belgrade, Northern Olthenia, and parts of Dalmatia. Joseph also involved the Holy Roman Empire in an alliance with Spain, England, and Venice in order to forestall French ambitions in Switzerland and the Low Countries; King Louis's War (1701-14), resulted in Austria acquiring Genoa, Corsica, and Tuscany. Joseph also signed a economic agreement with Russia and assisted that country and Poland in seizing Swedish territory along the Baltic Coast. Joseph, however, never married and had no children.
[4] Frederick IV, like his grand-uncle Joseph, enjoyed a long reign, ruling over the Holy Roman Empire and the Austrian Hereditary Dominions for forty-six years. Frederick was 29 when he became Emperor, and was one of the best-educated princes in Europe. During his father's reign, Austria had acquired Bavaria as a result of the War of the Bavarian Succession, and had also defeated Prussia, which under Frederick II had attempted to seize Silesia. Frederick tried again in the early years of his Austrian namesake's reign, in the Seven Year's War (1756-1763). He failed, however, and in 1763, was forced to acknowledge Austria's rule of Silesia and Bohemia. Frederick IV, determined to forestall any further threats from Prussia, sponsored constitutional reforms in Poland and signed a Treaty of Alliance with Russia in 1764. In 1769-1774, and again in 1787-91, Austria waged further wars with the Ottoman Empire, acquiring Bosnia, Albania, and Montenegro as a result. Austria, along with Russia, also became a protector of the Danubian Principalities, and assumed the right to send Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land. In 1778-79, Frederick successfully repelled an attempt by Hanover and Saxony to expel him from his Bavarian territories; in 1780, he was instrumental in the formation of the League of Armed Neutrality, which prevented Britain from seizing neutral commerce in the midst of the American Revolution. In 1785, Frederick acquired Venice after its last Doge was deposed by a revolt of his own citizens. In 1789, however, the French Revolution broke out. Frederick's last six years were dominated by an effort to defend Austrian possessions in Italy and the Low Countries from the advance of French revolutionary armies. Frederick married twice, but both of his wives suffered miscarriages and died from smallpox.
[5] Originally the Imperial Viceroy in Italy, Maximilian III succeeded to the Imperial throne on his cousin's death. Initially his concerns focused on containing French Revolutionary expansion, however the French effectively did that for him themselves when the Revolution turned in upon itself in the Horror. Imperial forces would eventually occupy parts of eastern France including Lorraine and establish the "restored" Burgundian Kingdom. Maximilian III's primary successes however were in bureaucracy, particularly his legislative reforms which decentralized many powers to regional Diets, while maintaining the Imperial one in Vienna. His structuring allowed for local autonomy and innovation while still maintaining the primacy of the Imperial State.
[6] Leopold I was Maximilian III's son and succeeded him upon his death on January 9, 1833. He continued his father's governmental reforms, and in 1836, the Imperial Diet reorganized the Electorates of the Holy Roman Empire. Hanover, Holstein, and Mecklenberg were now elevated to the rank of Electorates; this was meant to counterbalance Prussia's influence within the Empire. In 1839, Leopold negotiated an agreement with Switzerland which resulted in the transfer of the Voralberg and Salzburg regions to the Austrian Hereditary Dominions. Two years later, he intervened in the Papal States, saving Pope Gregory XVI from being deposed by revolutionaries. In 1847, Austria and Russia cooperated in an invasion of Sweden; as a result of the conflict, Sweden was forced to yield Royal Prussia to the Holy Roman Empire and Finland to Russia. Towards the end of Leopold's reign, however, relations with Russia deteriorated, as Tsar Feodor IV attempted to intervene in Poland to seize control of Belorussia and Lithuania. In 1863-64, when Russia went to war with the Ottoman Empire, Leopold ordered for the Danubian Principalities to be occupied by Austrian troops. Leopold married a Princess of Spain and died on April 12, 1865 in Vienna.
[8] Inbreeding within the Habsburg Dynasties resulted in a hideous-looking Philip IV, who couldn't even utter a single word at the age of 43. Rumoured to be killed by one or both of his slightly-more competent younger twin brothers, ______ and/or ______.

 

[Julius Caesar]

Holy Roman Emperors (1556- )
Reversed inheritance of Charles V: Ferdinand is King of Spain and Philip Holy Roman Emperor)

1556-1598: Philip I (House of Habsburg)
1598-1618: Philip II (House of Habsburg)
1618-1632: John (House of Habsburg) [1]
1632-1660: Charles VI (House of Habsburg)
1660-1680: Maximilian II (House of Habsburg) [2]
1680-1725: Joseph (House of Habsburg) [3]
1725-1750: Philip III (House of Habsburg)
1750-1796: Frederick IV (House of Habsburg) [4]
1796-1833: Maximilian III (House of Habsburg) [5]
1833-1865: Leopold I (House of Habsburg) [6]
1865-1867: Philip 'the Imbecile' IV (House of Habsburg) [7]
1867-1919: Charles VII and Leopold II (House of Habsburg) [8]

[1] The 7th and last son of Philip II, he was the only child who survived the Austrian Great Pox Outbreak of 1616 due to being in the Low Countries fighting the rebellion there. Moved the court to Antwerp during his reign.
[2] Returned court to Vienna and reorganized the organs of the Empire, primarily resulting in an undermining of the Electors' formal power and centralizing government institutions in the city.
[3] Joseph II was 20 when he succeeded his father to the throne of the Holy Roman Empire, but nevertheless, during his 45-year long reign, became one of the most respected and praised of all Holy Roman Emperors. Known for his common sense and his ability to compromise, Joseph continued his father Maximillian's reforms, undermining the power of the Electors yet further and establishing one of the most elaborate government bureaucracies in the Europe of that time. Joseph was a great patron of the arts, embellishing Vienna, Antwerp, and Prague with many treasures and building museums, galleries, and palaces that were among the most splendid in Europe. The Emperor's reign also witnessed considerable territorial expansion; during his rule, the Austrian Hereditary Dominions waged two successful wars with the Ottoman Empire (1683-99 and 1711-16), which resulted in the acquisition of Ottoman Hungary, Transylvania, Bukovina, Serbia with Belgrade, Northern Olthenia, and parts of Dalmatia. Joseph also involved the Holy Roman Empire in an alliance with Spain, England, and Venice in order to forestall French ambitions in Switzerland and the Low Countries; King Louis's War (1701-14), resulted in Austria acquiring Genoa, Corsica, and Tuscany. Joseph also signed a economic agreement with Russia and assisted that country and Poland in seizing Swedish territory along the Baltic Coast. Joseph, however, never married and had no children.
[4] Frederick IV, like his grand-uncle Joseph, enjoyed a long reign, ruling over the Holy Roman Empire and the Austrian Hereditary Dominions for forty-six years. Frederick was 29 when he became Emperor, and was one of the best-educated princes in Europe. During his father's reign, Austria had acquired Bavaria as a result of the War of the Bavarian Succession, and had also defeated Prussia, which under Frederick II had attempted to seize Silesia. Frederick tried again in the early years of his Austrian namesake's reign, in the Seven Year's War (1756-1763). He failed, however, and in 1763, was forced to acknowledge Austria's rule of Silesia and Bohemia. Frederick IV, determined to forestall any further threats from Prussia, sponsored constitutional reforms in Poland and signed a Treaty of Alliance with Russia in 1764. In 1769-1774, and again in 1787-91, Austria waged further wars with the Ottoman Empire, acquiring Bosnia, Albania, and Montenegro as a result. Austria, along with Russia, also became a protector of the Danubian Principalities, and assumed the right to send Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land. In 1778-79, Frederick successfully repelled an attempt by Hanover and Saxony to expel him from his Bavarian territories; in 1780, he was instrumental in the formation of the League of Armed Neutrality, which prevented Britain from seizing neutral commerce in the midst of the American Revolution. In 1785, Frederick acquired Venice after its last Doge was deposed by a revolt of his own citizens. In 1789, however, the French Revolution broke out. Frederick's last six years were dominated by an effort to defend Austrian possessions in Italy and the Low Countries from the advance of French revolutionary armies. Frederick married twice, but both of his wives suffered miscarriages and died from smallpox.
[5] Originally the Imperial Viceroy in Italy, Maximilian III succeeded to the Imperial throne on his cousin's death. Initially his concerns focused on containing French Revolutionary expansion, however the French effectively did that for him themselves when the Revolution turned in upon itself in the Horror. Imperial forces would eventually occupy parts of eastern France including Lorraine and establish the "restored" Burgundian Kingdom. Maximilian III's primary successes however were in bureaucracy, particularly his legislative reforms which decentralized many powers to regional Diets, while maintaining the Imperial one in Vienna. His structuring allowed for local autonomy and innovation while still maintaining the primacy of the Imperial State.
[6] Leopold I was Maximilian III's son and succeeded him upon his death on January 9, 1833. He continued his father's governmental reforms, and in 1836, the Imperial Diet reorganized the Electorates of the Holy Roman Empire. Hanover, Holstein, and Mecklenberg were now elevated to the rank of Electorates; this was meant to counterbalance Prussia's influence within the Empire. In 1839, Leopold negotiated an agreement with Switzerland which resulted in the transfer of the Voralberg and Salzburg regions to the Austrian Hereditary Dominions. Two years later, he intervened in the Papal States, saving Pope Gregory XVI from being deposed by revolutionaries. In 1847, Austria and Russia cooperated in an invasion of Sweden; as a result of the conflict, Sweden was forced to yield Royal Prussia to the Holy Roman Empire and Finland to Russia. Towards the end of Leopold's reign, however, relations with Russia deteriorated, as Tsar Feodor IV attempted to intervene in Poland to seize control of Belorussia and Lithuania. In 1863-64, when Russia went to war with the Ottoman Empire, Leopold ordered for the Danubian Principalities to be occupied by Austrian troops. Leopold married a Princess of Spain and died on April 12, 1865 in Vienna.
[7] Inbreeding within the Habsburg Dynasties resulted in a hideous-looking Philip IV, who couldn't even utter a single word at the age of 43. Rumoured to be killed by one or both of his slightly-more competent younger twin brothers, Charles VII and Leopold II.
[8] Leopold was the elder twin and Charles was the younger twin, but the decided to reign together for a balance of power and to avoid conflict within the family as many believed that Charles would be more effective. Their reign was hugely effective and prosperous. They both retired simultaneously in 1919 as the felt that they had gotten to old. They served as advisers to the next ruler, . Charles eventually died in 1925 and Leopold died in 1927.

 

[The Empire of AltHistory]

Holy Roman Emperors and Empresses (1556- )
Reversed inheritance of Charles V: Ferdinand is King of Spain and Philip Holy Roman Emperor)

1556-1598: Philip I (House of Habsburg)
1598-1618: Philip II (House of Habsburg)
1618-1632: John (House of Habsburg) [1]
1632-1660: Charles VI (House of Habsburg)
1660-1680: Maximilian II (House of Habsburg) [2]
1680-1725: Joseph (House of Habsburg) [3]
1725-1750: Philip III (House of Habsburg)
1750-1796: Frederick IV (House of Habsburg) [4]
1796-1833: Maximilian III (House of Habsburg) [5]
1833-1865: Leopold I (House of Habsburg) [6]
1865-1867: Philip 'the Imbecile' IV (House of Habsburg) [7]
1867-1919: Charles VII and Leopold II (House of Habsburg) [8]
1919-1931 Maria Amalia (House of Habsburg) [9]
[1] The 7th and last son of Philip II, he was the only child who survived the Austrian Great Pox Outbreak of 1616 due to being in the Low Countries fighting the rebellion there. Moved the court to Antwerp during his reign.
[2] Returned court to Vienna and reorganized the organs of the Empire, primarily resulting in an undermining of the Electors' formal power and centralizing government institutions in the city.
[3] Joseph II was 20 when he succeeded his father to the throne of the Holy Roman Empire, but nevertheless, during his 45-year long reign, became one of the most respected and praised of all Holy Roman Emperors. Known for his common sense and his ability to compromise, Joseph continued his father Maximillian's reforms, undermining the power of the Electors yet further and establishing one of the most elaborate government bureaucracies in the Europe of that time. Joseph was a great patron of the arts, embellishing Vienna, Antwerp, and Prague with many treasures and building museums, galleries, and palaces that were among the most splendid in Europe. The Emperor's reign also witnessed considerable territorial expansion; during his rule, the Austrian Hereditary Dominions waged two successful wars with the Ottoman Empire (1683-99 and 1711-16), which resulted in the acquisition of Ottoman Hungary, Transylvania, Bukovina, Serbia with Belgrade, Northern Olthenia, and parts of Dalmatia. Joseph also involved the Holy Roman Empire in an alliance with Spain, England, and Venice in order to forestall French ambitions in Switzerland and the Low Countries; King Louis's War (1701-14), resulted in Austria acquiring Genoa, Corsica, and Tuscany. Joseph also signed a economic agreement with Russia and assisted that country and Poland in seizing Swedish territory along the Baltic Coast. Joseph, however, never married and had no children.
[4] Frederick IV, like his grand-uncle Joseph, enjoyed a long reign, ruling over the Holy Roman Empire and the Austrian Hereditary Dominions for forty-six years. Frederick was 29 when he became Emperor, and was one of the best-educated princes in Europe. During his father's reign, Austria had acquired Bavaria as a result of the War of the Bavarian Succession, and had also defeated Prussia, which under Frederick II had attempted to seize Silesia. Frederick tried again in the early years of his Austrian namesake's reign, in the Seven Year's War (1756-1763). He failed, however, and in 1763, was forced to acknowledge Austria's rule of Silesia and Bohemia. Frederick IV, determined to forestall any further threats from Prussia, sponsored constitutional reforms in Poland and signed a Treaty of Alliance with Russia in 1764. In 1769-1774, and again in 1787-91, Austria waged further wars with the Ottoman Empire, acquiring Bosnia, Albania, and Montenegro as a result. Austria, along with Russia, also became a protector of the Danubian Principalities, and assumed the right to send Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land. In 1778-79, Frederick successfully repelled an attempt by Hanover and Saxony to expel him from his Bavarian territories; in 1780, he was instrumental in the formation of the League of Armed Neutrality, which prevented Britain from seizing neutral commerce in the midst of the American Revolution. In 1785, Frederick acquired Venice after its last Doge was deposed by a revolt of his own citizens. In 1789, however, the French Revolution broke out. Frederick's last six years were dominated by an effort to defend Austrian possessions in Italy and the Low Countries from the advance of French revolutionary armies. Frederick married twice, but both of his wives suffered miscarriages and died from smallpox.
[5] Originally the Imperial Viceroy in Italy, Maximilian III succeeded to the Imperial throne on his cousin's death. Initially his concerns focused on containing French Revolutionary expansion, however the French effectively did that for him themselves when the Revolution turned in upon itself in the Horror. Imperial forces would eventually occupy parts of eastern France including Lorraine and establish the "restored" Burgundian Kingdom. Maximilian III's primary successes however were in bureaucracy, particularly his legislative reforms which decentralized many powers to regional Diets, while maintaining the Imperial one in Vienna. His structuring allowed for local autonomy and innovation while still maintaining the primacy of the Imperial State.
[6] Leopold I was Maximilian III's son and succeeded him upon his death on January 9, 1833. He continued his father's governmental reforms, and in 1836, the Imperial Diet reorganized the Electorates of the Holy Roman Empire. Hanover, Holstein, and Mecklenberg were now elevated to the rank of Electorates; this was meant to counterbalance Prussia's influence within the Empire. In 1839, Leopold negotiated an agreement with Switzerland which resulted in the transfer of the Voralberg and Salzburg regions to the Austrian Hereditary Dominions. Two years later, he intervened in the Papal States, saving Pope Gregory XVI from being deposed by revolutionaries. In 1847, Austria and Russia cooperated in an invasion of Sweden; as a result of the conflict, Sweden was forced to yield Royal Prussia to the Holy Roman Empire and Finland to Russia. Towards the end of Leopold's reign, however, relations with Russia deteriorated, as Tsar Feodor IV attempted to intervene in Poland to seize control of Belorussia and Lithuania. In 1863-64, when Russia went to war with the Ottoman Empire, Leopold ordered for the Danubian Principalities to be occupied by Austrian troops. Leopold married a Princess of Spain and died on April 12, 1865 in Vienna.
[7] Inbreeding within the Habsburg Dynasties resulted in a hideous-looking Philip IV, who couldn't even utter a single word at the age of 43. Rumoured to be killed by one or both of his slightly-more competent younger twin brothers, Charles VII and Leopold II.
[8] Leopold was the elder twin and Charles was the younger twin, but the decided to reign together for a balance of power and to avoid conflict within the family as many believed that Charles would be more effective. Their reign was hugely effective and prosperous. They both retired simultaneously in 1919 as the felt that they had gotten to old. They served as advisers to the next ruler, Maria Amalia. Charles eventually died in 1925 and Leopold died in 1927.
[9] Neither Leopold nor Charles had any children of their own, although both married; other male dynasts in the Hapsburg line had died out. Consequently, the throne now fell to Maria Amalia, the only child of Leopold I's youngest child, Ferdinand, who had died in 1912. Charles VII and Leopold II had issued the Pragmatic Sanction in 1917, allowing for a woman to ascend to the throne of the Holy Roman Empire. They had spent the last two years of their reign securing approval for this from the Imperial Diet and the Electorates of the Empire. Maria Amalia, however, was immediately confronted with challenges from Prussia, Russia, and France. In 1923, World War I erupted, as Russia and Prussia invaded Austrian territory in league with each other, while France launched an offensive into Burgundy. Austria suffered a severe defeat; the Empire's military forces had grown lax during the decades of peace. By 1927, Prussia had seized Austria and Bohemia, while Russia had overrun the remainder of Poland, Galicia, and portions of Hungary. France had retaken Burgundy and also occupied the Low Countries. Great Britain, however, which was opposed to the Continental Powers, had signed an alliance with Austria and prevented that country from reaching total collapse. On June 2, 1929, the Treaty of London was signed. Austria was forced to concede the Low Countries and Burgundy to France; Silesia to Prussia; and Galicia to Russia. Maria Amalia, the first and only female ruler of Austria, was humiliated, and she was assassinated on February 11, 1931. By this point, revolutionaries in Hungary, Bohemia, Croatia, Serbia, and Transylvania were agitating for independence; by 1931, Austria was descending into civil war.

 

[PoorBoy]

Holy Roman Emperors and Empresses (1556- )
Reversed inheritance of Charles V: Ferdinand is King of Spain and Philip Holy Roman Emperor)

1556-1598: Philip I (House of Habsburg)
1598-1618: Philip II (House of Habsburg)
1618-1632: John (House of Habsburg) [1]
1632-1660: Charles VI (House of Habsburg)
1660-1680: Maximilian II (House of Habsburg) [2]
1680-1725: Joseph (House of Habsburg) [3]
1725-1750: Philip III (House of Habsburg)
1750-1796: Frederick IV (House of Habsburg) [4]
1796-1833: Maximilian III (House of Habsburg) [5]
1833-1865: Leopold I (House of Habsburg) [6]
1865-1867: Philip 'the Imbecile' IV (House of Habsburg) [7]
1867-1919: Charles VII and Leopold II (House of Habsburg) [8]
1919-1931: Maria Amalia (House of Habsburg) [9]
1919-1936: Louis V (House of Wittlesbach) [10]

[1] The 7th and last son of Philip II, he was the only child who survived the Austrian Great Pox Outbreak of 1616 due to being in the Low Countries fighting the rebellion there. Moved the court to Antwerp during his reign.
[2] Returned court to Vienna and reorganized the organs of the Empire, primarily resulting in an undermining of the Electors' formal power and centralizing government institutions in the city.
[3] Joseph II was 20 when he succeeded his father to the throne of the Holy Roman Empire, but nevertheless, during his 45-year long reign, became one of the most respected and praised of all Holy Roman Emperors. Known for his common sense and his ability to compromise, Joseph continued his father Maximillian's reforms, undermining the power of the Electors yet further and establishing one of the most elaborate government bureaucracies in the Europe of that time. Joseph was a great patron of the arts, embellishing Vienna, Antwerp, and Prague with many treasures and building museums, galleries, and palaces that were among the most splendid in Europe. The Emperor's reign also witnessed considerable territorial expansion; during his rule, the Austrian Hereditary Dominions waged two successful wars with the Ottoman Empire (1683-99 and 1711-16), which resulted in the acquisition of Ottoman Hungary, Transylvania, Bukovina, Serbia with Belgrade, Northern Olthenia, and parts of Dalmatia. Joseph also involved the Holy Roman Empire in an alliance with Spain, England, and Venice in order to forestall French ambitions in Switzerland and the Low Countries; King Louis's War (1701-14), resulted in Austria acquiring Genoa, Corsica, and Tuscany. Joseph also signed a economic agreement with Russia and assisted that country and Poland in seizing Swedish territory along the Baltic Coast. Joseph, however, never married and had no children.
[4] Frederick IV, like his grand-uncle Joseph, enjoyed a long reign, ruling over the Holy Roman Empire and the Austrian Hereditary Dominions for forty-six years. Frederick was 29 when he became Emperor, and was one of the best-educated princes in Europe. During his father's reign, Austria had acquired Bavaria as a result of the War of the Bavarian Succession, and had also defeated Prussia, which under Frederick II had attempted to seize Silesia. Frederick tried again in the early years of his Austrian namesake's reign, in the Seven Year's War (1756-1763). He failed, however, and in 1763, was forced to acknowledge Austria's rule of Silesia and Bohemia. Frederick IV, determined to forestall any further threats from Prussia, sponsored constitutional reforms in Poland and signed a Treaty of Alliance with Russia in 1764. In 1769-1774, and again in 1787-91, Austria waged further wars with the Ottoman Empire, acquiring Bosnia, Albania, and Montenegro as a result. Austria, along with Russia, also became a protector of the Danubian Principalities, and assumed the right to send Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land. In 1778-79, Frederick successfully repelled an attempt by Hanover and Saxony to expel him from his Bavarian territories; in 1780, he was instrumental in the formation of the League of Armed Neutrality, which prevented Britain from seizing neutral commerce in the midst of the American Revolution. In 1785, Frederick acquired Venice after its last Doge was deposed by a revolt of his own citizens. In 1789, however, the French Revolution broke out. Frederick's last six years were dominated by an effort to defend Austrian possessions in Italy and the Low Countries from the advance of French revolutionary armies. Frederick married twice, but both of his wives suffered miscarriages and died from smallpox.
[5] Originally the Imperial Viceroy in Italy, Maximilian III succeeded to the Imperial throne on his cousin's death. Initially his concerns focused on containing French Revolutionary expansion, however the French effectively did that for him themselves when the Revolution turned in upon itself in the Horror. Imperial forces would eventually occupy parts of eastern France including Lorraine and establish the "restored" Burgundian Kingdom. Maximilian III's primary successes however were in bureaucracy, particularly his legislative reforms which decentralized many powers to regional Diets, while maintaining the Imperial one in Vienna. His structuring allowed for local autonomy and innovation while still maintaining the primacy of the Imperial State.
[6] Leopold I was Maximilian III's son and succeeded him upon his death on January 9, 1833. He continued his father's governmental reforms, and in 1836, the Imperial Diet reorganized the Electorates of the Holy Roman Empire. Hanover, Holstein, and Mecklenberg were now elevated to the rank of Electorates; this was meant to counterbalance Prussia's influence within the Empire. In 1839, Leopold negotiated an agreement with Switzerland which resulted in the transfer of the Voralberg and Salzburg regions to the Austrian Hereditary Dominions. Two years later, he intervened in the Papal States, saving Pope Gregory XVI from being deposed by revolutionaries. In 1847, Austria and Russia cooperated in an invasion of Sweden; as a result of the conflict, Sweden was forced to yield Royal Prussia to the Holy Roman Empire and Finland to Russia. Towards the end of Leopold's reign, however, relations with Russia deteriorated, as Tsar Feodor IV attempted to intervene in Poland to seize control of Belorussia and Lithuania. In 1863-64, when Russia went to war with the Ottoman Empire, Leopold ordered for the Danubian Principalities to be occupied by Austrian troops. Leopold married a Princess of Spain and died on April 12, 1865 in Vienna.
[7] Inbreeding within the Habsburg Dynasties resulted in a hideous-looking Philip IV, who couldn't even utter a single word at the age of 43. Rumoured to be killed by one or both of his slightly-more competent younger twin brothers, Charles VII and Leopold II.
[8] Leopold was the elder twin and Charles was the younger twin, but the decided to reign together for a balance of power and to avoid conflict within the family as many believed that Charles would be more effective. Their reign was hugely effective and prosperous. They both retired simultaneously in 1919 as the felt that they had gotten to old. They served as advisers to the next ruler, Maria Amalia. Charles eventually died in 1925 and Leopold died in 1927.
[9] Neither Leopold nor Charles had any children of their own, although both married; other male dynasts in the Hapsburg line had died out. Consequently, the throne now fell to Maria Amalia, the only child of Leopold I's youngest child, Ferdinand, who had died in 1912. Charles VII and Leopold II had issued the Pragmatic Sanction in 1917, allowing for a woman to ascend to the throne of the Holy Roman Empire. They had spent the last two years of their reign securing approval for this from the Imperial Diet and the Electorates of the Empire. Maria Amalia, however, was immediately confronted with challenges from Prussia, Russia, and France. In 1923, World War I erupted, as Russia and Prussia invaded Austrian territory in league with each other, while France launched an offensive into Burgundy. Austria suffered a severe defeat; the Empire's military forces had grown lax during the decades of peace. By 1927, Prussia had seized Austria and Bohemia, while Russia had overrun the remainder of Poland, Galicia, and portions of Hungary. France had retaken Burgundy and also occupied the Low Countries. Great Britain, however, which was opposed to the Continental Powers, had signed an alliance with Austria and prevented that country from reaching total collapse. On June 2, 1929, the Treaty of London was signed. Austria was forced to concede the Low Countries and Burgundy to France; Silesia to Prussia; and Galicia to Russia. Maria Amalia, the first and only female ruler of Austria, was humiliated, and she was assassinated on February 11, 1931. By this point, revolutionaries in Hungary, Bohemia, Croatia, Serbia, and Transylvania were agitating for independence; by 1931, Austria was descending into civil war.
[10] Jure uxoris until his wife's death. Elected de jure emperor by the (remaining) German electors, which was the spark that ignited the nationalist keg and the Civil War. Did not move to Munich despite pleas from his advisors to evacuate Vienna. Killed by a mortar shell, possibly fired by the Hungarians, during the Siege of Vienna.

 

[The Empire of AltHistory]

Holy Roman Emperors and Empresses (1556-1941)
Reversed inheritance of Charles V: Ferdinand is King of Spain and Philip Holy Roman Emperor)

1556-1598: Philip I (House of Habsburg)
1598-1618: Philip II (House of Habsburg)
1618-1632: John (House of Habsburg) [1]
1632-1660: Charles VI (House of Habsburg)
1660-1680: Maximilian II (House of Habsburg) [2]
1680-1725: Joseph (House of Habsburg) [3]
1725-1750: Philip III (House of Habsburg)
1750-1796: Frederick IV (House of Habsburg) [4]
1796-1833: Maximilian III (House of Habsburg) [5]
1833-1865: Leopold I (House of Habsburg) [6]
1865-1867: Philip 'the Imbecile' IV (House of Habsburg) [7]
1867-1919: Charles VII and Leopold II (House of Habsburg) [8]
1919-1931: Maria Amalia (House of Habsburg) [9]
1919-1936: Louis V (House of Wittlesbach) [10]
1936-1941: Francis I (House of Habsburg-Wittlesbach) [11]

[1] The 7th and last son of Philip II, he was the only child who survived the Austrian Great Pox Outbreak of 1616 due to being in the Low Countries fighting the rebellion there. Moved the court to Antwerp during his reign.
[2] Returned court to Vienna and reorganized the organs of the Empire, primarily resulting in an undermining of the Electors' formal power and centralizing government institutions in the city.
[3] Joseph II was 20 when he succeeded his father to the throne of the Holy Roman Empire, but nevertheless, during his 45-year long reign, became one of the most respected and praised of all Holy Roman Emperors. Known for his common sense and his ability to compromise, Joseph continued his father Maximillian's reforms, undermining the power of the Electors yet further and establishing one of the most elaborate government bureaucracies in the Europe of that time. Joseph was a great patron of the arts, embellishing Vienna, Antwerp, and Prague with many treasures and building museums, galleries, and palaces that were among the most splendid in Europe. The Emperor's reign also witnessed considerable territorial expansion; during his rule, the Austrian Hereditary Dominions waged two successful wars with the Ottoman Empire (1683-99 and 1711-16), which resulted in the acquisition of Ottoman Hungary, Transylvania, Bukovina, Serbia with Belgrade, Northern Olthenia, and parts of Dalmatia. Joseph also involved the Holy Roman Empire in an alliance with Spain, England, and Venice in order to forestall French ambitions in Switzerland and the Low Countries; King Louis's War (1701-14), resulted in Austria acquiring Genoa, Corsica, and Tuscany. Joseph also signed a economic agreement with Russia and assisted that country and Poland in seizing Swedish territory along the Baltic Coast. Joseph, however, never married and had no children.
[4] Frederick IV, like his grand-uncle Joseph, enjoyed a long reign, ruling over the Holy Roman Empire and the Austrian Hereditary Dominions for forty-six years. Frederick was 29 when he became Emperor, and was one of the best-educated princes in Europe. During his father's reign, Austria had acquired Bavaria as a result of the War of the Bavarian Succession, and had also defeated Prussia, which under Frederick II had attempted to seize Silesia. Frederick tried again in the early years of his Austrian namesake's reign, in the Seven Year's War (1756-1763). He failed, however, and in 1763, was forced to acknowledge Austria's rule of Silesia and Bohemia. Frederick IV, determined to forestall any further threats from Prussia, sponsored constitutional reforms in Poland and signed a Treaty of Alliance with Russia in 1764. In 1769-1774, and again in 1787-91, Austria waged further wars with the Ottoman Empire, acquiring Bosnia, Albania, and Montenegro as a result. Austria, along with Russia, also became a protector of the Danubian Principalities, and assumed the right to send Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land. In 1778-79, Frederick successfully repelled an attempt by Hanover and Saxony to expel him from his Bavarian territories; in 1780, he was instrumental in the formation of the League of Armed Neutrality, which prevented Britain from seizing neutral commerce in the midst of the American Revolution. In 1785, Frederick acquired Venice after its last Doge was deposed by a revolt of his own citizens. In 1789, however, the French Revolution broke out. Frederick's last six years were dominated by an effort to defend Austrian possessions in Italy and the Low Countries from the advance of French revolutionary armies. Frederick married twice, but both of his wives suffered miscarriages and died from smallpox.
[5] Originally the Imperial Viceroy in Italy, Maximilian III succeeded to the Imperial throne on his cousin's death. Initially his concerns focused on containing French Revolutionary expansion, however the French effectively did that for him themselves when the Revolution turned in upon itself in the Horror. Imperial forces would eventually occupy parts of eastern France including Lorraine and establish the "restored" Burgundian Kingdom. Maximilian III's primary successes however were in bureaucracy, particularly his legislative reforms which decentralized many powers to regional Diets, while maintaining the Imperial one in Vienna. His structuring allowed for local autonomy and innovation while still maintaining the primacy of the Imperial State.
[6] Leopold I was Maximilian III's son and succeeded him upon his death on January 9, 1833. He continued his father's governmental reforms, and in 1836, the Imperial Diet reorganized the Electorates of the Holy Roman Empire. Hanover, Holstein, and Mecklenberg were now elevated to the rank of Electorates; this was meant to counterbalance Prussia's influence within the Empire. In 1839, Leopold negotiated an agreement with Switzerland which resulted in the transfer of the Voralberg and Salzburg regions to the Austrian Hereditary Dominions. Two years later, he intervened in the Papal States, saving Pope Gregory XVI from being deposed by revolutionaries. In 1847, Austria and Russia cooperated in an invasion of Sweden; as a result of the conflict, Sweden was forced to yield Royal Prussia to the Holy Roman Empire and Finland to Russia. Towards the end of Leopold's reign, however, relations with Russia deteriorated, as Tsar Feodor IV attempted to intervene in Poland to seize control of Belorussia and Lithuania. In 1863-64, when Russia went to war with the Ottoman Empire, Leopold ordered for the Danubian Principalities to be occupied by Austrian troops. Leopold married a Princess of Spain and died on April 12, 1865 in Vienna.
[7] Inbreeding within the Habsburg Dynasties resulted in a hideous-looking Philip IV, who couldn't even utter a single word at the age of 43. Rumoured to be killed by one or both of his slightly-more competent younger twin brothers, Charles VII and Leopold II.
[8] Leopold was the elder twin and Charles was the younger twin, but the decided to reign together for a balance of power and to avoid conflict within the family as many believed that Charles would be more effective. Their reign was hugely effective and prosperous. They both retired simultaneously in 1919 as the felt that they had gotten to old. They served as advisers to the next ruler, Maria Amalia. Charles eventually died in 1925 and Leopold died in 1927.
[9] Neither Leopold nor Charles had any children of their own, although both married; other male dynasts in the Hapsburg line had died out. Consequently, the throne now fell to Maria Amalia, the only child of Leopold I's youngest child, Ferdinand, who had died in 1912. Charles VII and Leopold II had issued the Pragmatic Sanction in 1917, allowing for a woman to ascend to the throne of the Holy Roman Empire. They had spent the last two years of their reign securing approval for this from the Imperial Diet and the Electorates of the Empire. Maria Amalia, however, was immediately confronted with challenges from Prussia, Russia, and France. In 1923, World War I erupted, as Russia and Prussia invaded Austrian territory in league with each other, while France launched an offensive into Burgundy. Austria suffered a severe defeat; the Empire's military forces had grown lax during the decades of peace. By 1927, Prussia had seized Silesia and Bohemia, while Russia had overrun the remainder of Poland, Galicia, and portions of Hungary. France had retaken Burgundy and also occupied the Low Countries. Great Britain, however, which was opposed to the Continental Powers, had signed an alliance with Austria and prevented that country from reaching total collapse. On June 2, 1929, the Treaty of London was signed. Austria was forced to concede the Low Countries and Burgundy to France; Silesia to Prussia; and Galicia to Russia. Maria Amalia, the first and only female ruler of Austria, was humiliated, and she was assassinated on February 11, 1931. By this point, revolutionaries in Hungary, Bohemia, Croatia, Serbia, and Transylvania were agitating for independence; by 1931, Austria was descending into civil war.
[10] Jure uxoris until his wife's death. Elected de jure emperor by the (remaining) German electors, which was the spark that ignited the nationalist keg and the Civil War. Did not move to Munich despite pleas from his advisors to evacuate Vienna. Killed by a mortar shell, possibly fired by the Hungarians, during the Siege of Vienna.
[11] The last Holy Roman Emperor, Francis I was only ten when he was elected to succeed his father by the Electors of Mecklenberg and Holstein, and of Austria, the only ones still loyal to the Habsburg regime. Vienna fell to the Hungarians on November 9, 1936, and Francis was forced to flee to Venice. Most of the Austrian Duchy was overrun by the Hungarians, while the Bohemians established an independent Kingdom of Bohemia, electing the British Prince Charles as their King. Croatia and Transylvania also emerged as independent kingdoms in 1937. By 1939, Italian nationalists, who had united Tuscany, the Papal States, Milan, Genoa, and Naples under the rule of a Italian Republic, were poised to invade Venice. Venice was invaded on January 7, 1941; five days later, the city of Venice fell, and Francis I was killed. The Holy Roman Empire was formally dissolved by agreement of Prussia, France, Saxony, Russia, Hungary, Croatia, and Italy on February 11, 1941. In March, 1941, the Hungarians set up the puppet Archduchy of Austria and installed a German prince as its ruler.